Examines arithmetic and algebra knowledge from a cognitive perspective in an effort to determine what constitutes a pre-algebraic level of understanding. Presents results of a longitudinal study designed to investigate students' readiness for algebra. Proposes a model for the transition from arithmetic to pre-algebra to algebra. Contains 29…

Presents a study in which children in grades 1-3 (n=67) and grades 4-6 (n=66) were tested for their ability to read and record analogue and digital times. Concludes that the sequence of time acquisition proposed in this study was confirmed for grades 1-3, whereas irregularities occurred with grades 4-6. Contains 20 references. (Author/NB)

Videotaped interviews of 29 Australian students from grades 1-3 were analyzed to assess and compare the processing loads of mathematical representations and strategies used by teachers and children to learn the concept of place value. Results indicated that some representations and strategies impose an unnecessary processing load that can…