The situation of "collective aging" of the academic staff in universities and research institutes caused by the skew age distribution and the zero-growth budgets in nearly all European countries is discussed. Possible policies to palliate the negative effects are considered along with support for junior staff with temporary contracts or limited…

The management of higher education institutions is discussed in light of the exponential expansion of universities during the last century. It is suggested that universities embrace social relevance as a major goal. The proper social relevance of universities and its effects on their objectives and methods of management are discussed. (Author/SF)

Austerity management of universities over a ten-year period is examined. Some theoretical solutions likely to curb the escalation of higher education costs or to contribute to some leveling-off are discussed, and it is suggested that the need for lengthy research will postpone any real innovation in management until the 1990s. (Author/JMD)

The traditional "test and measurement" approach to educational evaluation is contrasted with the "use of information for decision-making" developed in the industrial sector. Evaluation strategy should be determined by an analysis of the problem and the decisions to be made. (Author/LBH)

Some recent Swedish training activities in college administration for both faculty and administrators are described, focusing on problem areas such as retrenchment and how they affect the work of management and administration. The design of training programs to provide support in such situations is discussed. (MSE)

The Technical University of Denmark has tried to free resources in a stagnant or declining budget for development of new subject areas by planned contraction of ordinary activities, with only moderate success due to low mobility and strong specialization of the scientific staff. A more realistic planning system has been introduced, using…

The humanities today are proving far less attractive to students than in the 1960s and 1970s. Program enrollment is declining, students are criticizing the programs, and the economic situation, especially that of employment, is not conducive to interest in the humanities. Planning strategies are discussed. (MSE)

European university administrators report their impressions and conclusions about academic restructuring, personnel policy, and retrenchment following a visit to institutions in the United States. (MSE)

The assumption that higher education has begun a postexpansion decline is challenged, and the accumulation of new demands on higher education is examined from three perspectives: political, socioeconomic, and intellectual/cultural. It is proposed that higher education's role in modern society will intensify and change. (MSE)

The impact on nine British universities' of substantial financial reductions in 1980-81 and the policy implications for national funding agencies are examined. Implementation of institutional retrenchment plans and the role of high-level administrators are discussed. (MSE)

Presented is a matrix of institution types and institutional characteristics that can be used in planning for the steady state in colleges and universities. Case studies of six institutions are presented: Harvard University, Boston University, Dartmouth College, Colorado College, University of Massachusetts/Boston, and Massachusetts Community…

The response of one Scottish university to contraction of government funding, increased emphasis on efficiency, changing expectations of the university as a source of technology, changes in industry demands on the university, and demographic trends is examined. (MSE)

Factors promoting excellence in a technical university and requirements for obtaining or maintaining it are examined, and the problems encountered by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in achieving excellence in a decade of retrenchment are discussed. (MSE)

The procedures and effects of the reallocation of vacant teaching posts as a response to economic constraints in Finland's higher education system and as a method of carrying out national educational resource policy are examined. Two institutions are described. (MSE)

The planning and implementation of a major task reallocation and program contraction effort in higher education in the Netherlands is described and illustrated in the case of two universities. (MSE)