This article reports recent research investigating the use of retrospective miscue analysis (RMA) as an instructional strategy with proficient second-language (L2) readers. RMA aims to heighten a reader's awareness of the reading process by involving readers in detailed analysis of their oral reading behavior. Using a cross-case analysis of three adult L2 readers, the article notes the impact of instruction on each reader's attitudes, strategy use, and metalinguistic knowledge. Variables such as the reader's L1 and proficiency level, text familiarity, and level of difficulty are discussed. By engaging readers in the process of analyzing their own miscues, teacher-researchers can raise readers' awareness of their own reading strategies, building on their strengths as readers while also dispelling any misconceptions about the reading process in general. (Contains 3 tables.)