In discussing Rafe-uz-Zaman's essay on adult literacy and national development (see v9, n1 of this journal), the author cites examples to support his thesis that mass literacy campaigns in predominately agricultural countries can be successful only if there is simultaneous undertaking of economic development programs focused on the rural poor. (MF)

In noting his reactions to Rafe-uz-Zaman's essay on literacy and national development (see v9, n1 of this journal), the author states that while literacy's contribution to economic development is important, the personal and qualitative development of the individual matters most. He therefore rejects the concept of "functional" education, stressing…

In his review of Rafe-uz-Zaman's essay (see v9, n1 of this journal), the author recommends the essay's message for adult education planners but criticizes many of its views and methods of expression. He calls for discussion of methodology instead of the essay's random survey of various approaches to policy. (MF)

Responds to Cipro, Mathur, and Kassam's critical essays (in this issue) on his previous study of literacy and national development. The author offers clarification or further thoughts on several statements with which he disagrees, such as the theory of stages for literacy, work-oriented literacy, and the quality of life and liberation. (MF)

The author examines the potentialities of bypassing literacy in efforts to bring education and development to Third World countries, concluding that literacy is essential for human and economic development. He cites various perspectives on literacy and development (232 references), and analyses alternative strategies for literacy campaigns,…

Discusses a project in Melbourne, Australia developed to explore the nature of the problem of illiteracy amongst non-migrant adults who had passed through the school system, to discover what sort of people were illiterate and to what extent, and to examine the influence of home and educational background, and to assess the ability of sensitive and…

A study to determine the incidence of functional illiteracy in English among adults in the metropolitan area of Sydney is reported, which showed the incidence of illiteracy among Australian/English born adults to be lower than previously reported while that among non-English born is very high. (WL)

More than 1,000 New South Wales adults are being helped to overcome illiteracy in a program aimed at teaching them reading and writing which was introduced into the Evening Colleges of the New South Wales Education Department in Mid-1972. (WL)

A critical assessment of the 10-year Experimental World Literacy Program (EWLP), which consisted of a series of pilot projects and micro-experiments in different countries (Algeria, Ecuador, Iran, Mali, Ethiopia, Guinea, Madgascar, Tanzania, Sudan, Zambia, and Venezuela) sponsored by UNESCO, United Nations Development Program (UNDP), and various…

The use of recording technology in teaching basic literacy is justified based on a cassette reading program designed for the Tausug language of Sulu, the Republic of the Philippines. (WL)

Discusses the trend in the adult education system in Poland; includes the educational options available to adults, the adult education courses offered, and the functions of adult education. Also discusses the educational development and reform prospects for adapting the present system to meet the needs for continuing education. (EM)

Faced with the need to solve the problem of adult illiteracy, Poland has taken measures to provide workers under forty years of age with a complete primary education and full professional skills. In this article, these measures are described, including functional literacy needs, integrating vocational and general education, and designing…

Vocational education courses and mass education are two types of on-the-job training and education available to workers in Poland. First, this article discusses vocational education courses focusing on the course goals and organization, then forms of out-of-school or mass education, particularly the general education universities, are covered. (EM)

Discusses the responsibilities of employers in Poland toward the continuing education of their employers. Major topics included are responsibilities of firms based on socioeconomic needs, main features of worker education within firms, continuing education programs for workers, and factors determining the development of the firms' educational and…

Describes an experiment with adult education conducted in Poland in which television is used in out-of-school secondary level agricultural courses, often called correspondence secondary schools. (EM)