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50 Years of ERIC
50 Years of ERIC
The Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) is celebrating its 50th Birthday! First opened on May 15th, 1964 ERIC continues the long tradition of ongoing innovation and enhancement.

Learn more about the history of ERIC here. PDF icon

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Leading under Sanction: Principals' Perceptions of Threat Rigidity, Efficacy, and Leadership in Underperforming Schools
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Daly, Alan J.; Der-Martirosian, Claudia; Ong-Dean, Colin; Park, Vicki; Wishard-Guerra, Alison – Leadership and Policy in Schools, 2011
No Child Left Behind (NCLB) was passed to ensure that 100 percent of students would be proficient by 2014. Progress toward that goal is measured annually and results suggest that while some schools improve, increasing numbers are identified as in need of improvement (INI) and are subject to sanctions. We examined perceived levels of threat…
Descriptors: Sanctions, Self Efficacy, Federal Legislation, Leadership
A Question of Trust: Predictive Conditions for Adaptive and Technical Leadership in Educational Contexts
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Daly, Alan J.; Chrispeels, Janet – Leadership and Policy in Schools, 2008
Recent studies have suggested that educational leaders enacting a balance of technical and adaptive leadership have an effect on increasing student achievement. Technical leadership focuses on problem-solving or first-order changes within existing structures and paradigms. Adaptive leadership involves deep or second-order changes that alter…
Descriptors: Trust (Psychology), Administrator Role, Integrity, Multiple Regression Analysis