In the study, eight random samples of respondents (236 adult Ss) from a small Western city were presented with questionnaires which requested that they evaluate the characteristics of a stimulus person who varied by sightedness (blind, totally sightless, partially sighted, sighted), and age (35 or 65 years). (Author/SBH)

Using the cognitive theory of Jean Piaget as a base, an overview of the conceptual development of space is presented as it occurs in sighted children to provide a framework for studying notions of space in blind children. (Author/PHR)

The study explored the concept of space through the tactual discrimination of household objects in 48 4-to-7-year-old blind, partially sighted, and sighted children. (PHR)

Using Jean Piaget's theory of spatial development, a study was undertaken to identify the development of spatial concepts in 48 blind, partially sighted, and sighted 4-to-7-year-old children through the use of tactual recognition of shapes. (Author/PHR)

Parental involvement is essential to a preschool program for visually handicapped children. Home intervention is one approach for the provision of services to both parent and child. (Author/PHR)

Preview is defined as anticipation in the performance of motor skills. Research is reviewed, along with the performance of blind pedestrians using two mobility aids. (DLS)

The article describes the Project on Aging, which was undertaken by the Virginia Commission for the Visually Handicapped to avoid the institutionalization of elderly blind persons. (Author/DLS)

The scant literature that does exist is reviewed, and suggestions are made for assessing mobility potential, improving locomotor skills, organizing physical exercises, and teaching orientation skills and cane travel to such persons. (Author/DLS)

The article reviews the literature on listening as an effective learning skill for the visually handicapped, and suggests ways of helping visually handicapped students to improve their listening skills. (Author/DLS)

The article presents a statistical brief on the projected numbers of elderly blind and visually impaired persons in the U.S. in the year 2000. Among the projections are that this population will be larger, older, and more predominantly female than it is now. (DLS)

Based on a paper presented at the 55th Annual International Convention of the Council for Exceptional Children in 1977, the article examines ways of defining competency-based training for teachers of the visually handicapped, and notes some practical difficulties of establishing competency-based programs. (Author)

The article presents and discusses the findings of a survey of 25 former and current student teachers (enrolled in visually handicapped and orientation and mobility programs) to determine their reaction to, and understanding of, the competency-based teacher training program used at California State University at Los Angeles. (Author/DLS)

Based on a paper presented at the International Council for Exceptional Children in 1978, the article discusses the effects on residential school students of competency-based training programs for teachers of the visually handicapped. (Author/DLS)

The article describes an interscholastic competitive cross country running program for adolescent boys and girls at the Wisconsin School for the Visually Handicapped, in which totally blind students are assigned sighted guides, while partially sighted students run alone, guided by colored flags positioned along the course to indicate turns.…

Separate experiments were done with six blind students (ages 16-20 years) to test the effectiveness of using punishment (prerecorded sound of chalk screeching on a blackboard) and positive reinforcement (money) in natural and laboratory settings to reduce "blindisms" (stereotypic behaviors). (Author/DLS)