A study of teacher attitudes towards prescriptive grammar instruction stresses the use of reinforcement as a teaching technique and reveals the importance of preservice and field experience programs geared to realistic presentation of practical classroom situations. (LH)

Civility can encourage educational debate, but it does not assure that the debate itself is of great intellectual value. (LH)

Issues relating to in-service education are highlighted including professional lifespace, resource allocation, validity, systemic designs, collaboration, and the responsibility for in-service education of teachers as professionals and employees. (JMF)

This essay reports on in-service teacher education as the "orphan" in educational operations in current demand by a variety of prospective users. It suggests that in-service teacher education is in a growth and development stage. (JMF)

John Ryor of the National Education Association, Albert Shanker of the American Federation of Teachers, and J. T. Sandefur of the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education each presents his group's position on in-service education, its goals, and how to achieve them. (JMF)

Four courses of action toward a proactive stance in in-service education are recommended: develop a conceptual framework that relates preservice and in-service education; recognize the role of higher education; provide linkages; and develop a funding and reward system. (JMF)

The major issues in in-service education concern the development of programs based on multilevel, cross-validated assessments of needs. (JMF)

The question of collaboration among various constituencies in the area of in-service teachers education is discussed in terms of the governance structure involved, the required negotiation, and obstacles faced. (JMF)

A research review conducted by the Florida Department of Education in 1974 provides the basis for a suggested model for research in the area of in-service teacher education. The model deals with four classes of variables--presage, context, process, and product. (JMF)

NIE feels that it has an important role to play as contributor and participant in the process of mediating the respective needs and expertise of the various constituent groups involved in in-service teacher education research. (JMF)

The U.S. Office of Education is involved in 21 programs involving educational personnel development. Funding levels for 19 of these programs are listed along with an outline of the recipients of this funding, the personnel served by federal programs, and federal mandates for in-service. (JMF)

Several in-service models are presented including a provision of services model, job maintenance model, personal development model, and three problem-solving models. (JMF)

Question clusters related to staff development content delivery are used to develop programs that will result in more productive professional development. The questions determine the focus of programs, analyze the target audience, discuss the selection of delivery modes, and identify future directions. (JMF)

College and university faculty are taking a new look at their role in in-service teacher education and staff development. Several considerations regarding perceptions and activities in this area are discussed. (JMF)

Historically Black colleges and universities are encouraged to establish campus learning centers where area public school teachers could improve their recognition of multicultural education and values and resolve some of the problems associated with school discipline. (JMF)