The article, with a follow-up section of opposing views, seeks to clarify the role of the Guttman scaling concept with regard to learning hierarchies. (CP)

One thousand twenty-two seventh grade students in country and city schools enrolled in Intermediate Science Curriculum Study (ISCS) programs were the subjects of this study. Differences in learning rates and retention levels were found to be related to pacing, mental ability, and grouping. (CP)

Reports on twelve year-old students instructed in Nuffield Project and in "traditional" classrooms. A division of the subjects into two groups based on intelligence revealed significant differences on classification ability. Interaction effects were also observed. (CP)

Thirteen to fifteen year-old students from Denmark, Sweden, Italy, United States, Austria, Germany, and Great Britain were the subjects on this study of formal thought processes. Socioeconomic status, sex, and school organization provided additional categorization upon which the subjects were divided. Chi square analysis revealed some differences.…

Reports the teaching behaviors of instructors who (1) willfully and (2) under mandate adopted a new earth science syllabus. After a four year time span had elapsed, both groups exhibited similar behaviors. (CP)

The study sought to investigate the effects of available science materials, the physical plant, and the patterns of teacher behavior on the behaviors of fifth-grade students. Some significant treatment as well as aptitude-treatment effects were observed. (CP)

Students (233) in five Israeli high schools were tested to determine the relationship of IQ and achievement, attitudes, and manipulative and observational skills in chemistry. Students indicating a desire to pursue science study were found to differ signicantly their non-science oriented couterparts only on cognitive ability measures. (CP)

Normal adolescents, retarded adolescents, and high ability second-graders were compared on their abilities to master high and low structure science materials. An increase of structure was found to be related to recall for all groups, but to be of particular importance for the retarded adolescents. (CP)

Eight low-productive sixth grade students were used in this token reinforcement study. Teacher direct reinforcement and liked-peer indirect reinforcement were both found to increase productivity. (CP)

Attitudes toward science, process skills knowledge and self-concept were all found to be significantly intercorrelated; self concept was the only predictor of achievement. (CP)

Examines strategies used by first grade children in performing a seriation task, using materials varying in length or weight. Most first-grade children employed a concept-task-strategy in serially ordering objects by length and weight. In addition Piaget's observation that length can be serially ordered before weight was upheld. (CP)

Reports a study to determine whether the level of logical thinking, as indicated by performance on a task requiring control of variables, of a group of low SES urban students could be increased through a series of instructional exercises carried out under ordinary classroom conditions. (Author/CP)

The construction of test items, the purposes of testing and criterion-referenced testing are topics debated by two researchers. (CP)

Advocates the analysis of student characteristics in determining the outcomes of instruction and the analysis of instruction to determine effects on student characteristics. (CP)

Develops a path-analysis model of critical variables affecting student enrollment in secondary school physics. A test of the model utilizing state provided data of physics enrollment in New York State resulted in the rejection of the model; however, significant critical variable results were obtained. (SL)