The Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability Third Edition is developed using the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) measurement-theory test design as the instrument's theoretical blueprint. The instrument provides users with cognitive scores based on the Cognitive Performance Model (CPM); however, the CPM is not a part of CHC theory. Within the instrument's Technical Manual the authors provide some information about the CPM; however, the structural/theoretical support for the validity of the CPM is limited. Recent research found empirical support for the CPM as intermediate factors within Carroll's three-stratum theory of intelligence. The results from the present study also provide empirical support of the CPM as intermediate factors lying between the second- and third-strata of a CHC-based theoretical model. In addition, a previously unidentified research-based two-factor CPM is identified as the best-fitting model among several competing CPM.