The anti-slavery ministry of Rev. John G. Fee and the unlikely establishment of Berea College in Kentucky in the 1850s, the first college in the southern United States to be coeducationally and racially integrated, are examined to further understand the conditions surrounding these extraordinary historical events. The Berea case illustrates how…

This study sought to document the schooling experiences and perceptions of African American students who attended segregated schools in Edgecombe County, North Carolina. Through counter-narratives the participants provided insight into education in Edgecombe County during the 1960s. Findings suggested that schools were social and academic…

This article uses critical race theory, court opinions, newspapers, and interviews to explain how the burden of busing for desegregation was placed upon Blacks in Nashville, Tennessee and why the agenda of the litigants in the Kelley v. Metropolitan Board of Education cases shifted over time. The deliberate pace of the initial desegregation…

Eighteen years after the Supreme Court rendered its decision in Fordice, many states have complied somewhat or not at all to its mandates. This has been particularly evident in Maryland, where the presidents of historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) are pressuring the state to fulfill its commitment with the Office of Civil Rights…

The "United States v. Fordice" was decided in the United States Supreme Court in 1992, and it represents the most recent ruling on desegregation for those states that have historically maintained racially segregated systems of higher education. This study raises the question of what would Mississippi higher education be without public HBCUs? This…

This article summarizes African Americans' ongoing struggle for quality education in Milwaukee, Wisconsin by utilizing school district data and secondary sources. The historic integration effort in the Milwaukee Public Schools system is outlined and the impact of sustained segregation, in the midst of significant changes to Milwaukee's social and…

Judge Robert L. Carter submits this article on "Brown's" legacy in recognition of the invaluable role "The Journal of Negro Education" has played in this fight; it served as a forum for academic discussion and helped facilitate the development of creative strategies. Over the past seventy-five years "The Journal" has become a repository of ideas…

The case for desegregation has been based largely on research showing its contributions to the educational opportunities and life chances of students of color. However, this has led to remedies that have placed much of the burden of desegregation on people of color and has failed to develop awareness that there are substantial advantages to all…

This article is a retrospective analysis of a commentary we published in "The Journal of Negro Education" 25 years ago in which we discussed the interrelationships between and among the interpersonal, institutional, community, and African American achievement variables before and after the historic 1954 "Brown" decision. We discuss in this piece…

The level of federal support for educational research and development (R&D) has been impacted over the years by wars and other crises, school desegregation, poverty, federal legislation and people closely associated with whatever administration was in power in Washington, DC at a particular time. While some funds for educational R&D were available…

Theresa Rector spent 13 years working with Charles H. Thompson during the height of "The Journal's" contribution to educational and political achievements of the early 1950s and 1960s. Crucial to the legacy of "The Journal" was the "Brown v. Board of Education" landmark case and all the political pundits who interestingly met with Dean Thompson in…

The various forces, various branches of the federal government in confusing and conflicting ways that have constructed and influenced the Hispanic identity and educational status are suggested. Hispanics are a significant percentage of the United States of America's population and are becoming a greater percentage everyday.

The desegregation of colleges and universities that emerged from the integration of elementary and secondary schools are described. Higher education legal history simultaneously holds the dual honor of progenitor and progeny of the framed Brown case.

The idea that at its 50th anniversary, Brown provides proof that inspite of its landmark significance, basing relief in the courts and its principles can create a backlash of unintended consequence is discussed. The various litigious and legislative assaults upon historically African American colleges and universities are examined to highlight the…

More than thirty cases involving desegregation of public school systems handed down in the first 25 years after Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka, Kansas, by the U.S. Supreme Court are discussed. However, the last 25 years have resulted in a situation of having the nation taking one step forward and half a step backwards, due to the conditions…