Racial identity has been theorized to significantly influence cross-racial counseling relationships. In this study, the authors examined the influence of White racial identity on working alliance perceptions in a cross-racial vicarious counseling analogue. A significant interaction effect was found between race of the counselor vignette and White…

Lesbian women of color may seek professional help to find their way through the challenges of being a triple minority. The authors discuss specific issues faced by African American, Asian American, Latina American, and Native American lesbian women, offering guidelines for affirmative practice when working with these women in a counseling context.…

This study examined causal relationships between anxiety, racism, and self-esteem in a sample of White graduate and undergraduate students (N=169). Results indicated that level of anxiety had a direct effect on anti-Black attitudes, which, in turn, had a direct effect on self-esteem. Implications for counseling interventions aimed at preventing…

Raises a number of critical questions for scale development and theorizing in the field of Black racial identity. In particular, the authors suggest that research on Black racial identity would benefit from longitudinal studies and the examination of the existence of overarching racial identity constructs. (Contains 35 references, 1 table, and an…

Uses elements of the Ecological Model as a framework for examining the methods by which students develop social relationships and determining whether these relationships support college retention. An oral composite was constructed from the comments of Black commuter students from lower socioeconomic communities. (Author/MKA)

African American college students (N=182) completed the Racial Identity Attitudes Scale. Results from the multivariate categorization scheme revealed five types of empirically derived racial identity attitude profiles. The profiles significantly differed on Brief Symptom Inventory subscale scores. (Author/MKA)

Relationships between collective identity and ego identity were examined among 229 African American and Mexican American university students. Participants completed scales measuring racial or cultural identity and ego identity. Regression analyses indicated that ego identity was significantly related to racial identity for African Americans and…

Discusses the psychological and spiritual healing for African American women survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Considers adult sexuality for these women. Includes implications for counselors and recommendations for their self-care. (Author/JDM)

Describes African American cultural and spiritual traditions that are the bedrock for therapeutic work with this population. States women who present for counseling with emotional themes of isolation, devaluation, internalized oppression, and low self-esteem and quest for positive racial identity are especially receptive to interventions that…

Examines how Black churches provide a source of psychological support to African Americans. Uses group theory as a conceptual framework to discuss the findings of focus groups. Discusses implications for counselors, including challenging their own biases towards religion that may affect their ability to make effective interventions, and being…

Little attention has been paid to the overlap of the religious and therapeutic worlds. Spiritual issues can be considered in the context of family dynamics as well as cultural factors, including gender, socioeconomic status, language, geographic origins, and issues of racism and oppression. Discusses two genograms as examples of…

Examines the literature for strategies in establishing therapeutic relationships with African-American men. Notably absent are empirical data pertaining to the effectiveness of psychotherapy with this population. Reviews the literature on psychotherapy and proposes an agenda for the next decade of research with African-American male clients.…

Examines the disciplinary patterns and practices of African-American parents (N=121). Results indicate that the context of the disciplinary episode influenced how African-American parents disciplined their children. Implications for counselor education and practice are discussed. (Author)

Presents an empirical method for assessing attitudes toward Black men. Findings document that race is a significant factor in determining how Black men are perceived by both Black college students and White college students. Discusses the development and use of the Attitudes Toward Black Males Scale. (Author/MKA)

Combines a review of the psychological and sociohistorical literature on African-American color consciousness with a model that explains how it may contribute to differential outcomes for group members. Hypothesizes that attractive individuals are viewed as more competent, and that African Americans who approximate European-American standards of…