This meta-analysis examines the effectiveness of a group of instructional approaches (i.e., cooperative, collaborative, and peer tutoring) at improving literacy outcomes for English language learners. Main effects analyses of a sample of 28 experimental and quasi-experimental studies reveal that peer-mediation is more effective for ELLs than…

This paper examines why communicative language teaching (CLT) fails to improve student learning in certain contexts by assessing two adult educators' communicative and noncommunicative practices through qualitative case studies, interviews, and participant observations. Results show no inherent CLT problems that prevent teachers from grasping…

We addressed whether the degree of structure of reading content delivery to the children or degree of professional development support for the teachers was related to kindergarten through second-grade students' 2-year reading growth in high-poverty, low-performing schools. There were four categories of data sources: (a) classroom,…

The effect of three approaches to revision instruction on 61 college students' revision behavior and writing quality was investigated for this article. Students wrote three 5-page papers and received one of three instructional approaches: Formal Peer Review (n = 19), Formal Self-Review (n = 20), or No Formal Review (n = 22). Formal Peer Review…

The purpose of this article is to respond to a review of the report "Developing Literacy in Second-language Learners: Report of the National Literacy Panel on Language Minority Children and Youth," written by our respected colleague Kathy Escamilla, which appeared in a recent edition of the "Journal of Literacy Research." This will also give us…

Research suggests that the World Wide Web (WWW) represents the intersection of at least two domains: content and technology. This investigation was designed to examine the relationship between prior knowledge and WWW browsing outcomes (i.e., navigation behavior and knowledge gain) within the context of a genetics Web site. Students randomly…

This project investigated six 2nd-grade students' use of word study instruction to mediate spelling while writing in their journals. In particular, the researchers examined the students' use of the orthographic principles, sample words, and spelling strategies that had been taught during developmental word study lessons. Results of the project…

This study examined the effects of a multifaceted, metacognitive vocabulary intervention on the reading comprehension and vocabulary achievement of fifth-grade children in one of California's lowest performing Title I schools. Instruction was comprehensive, designed to facilitate encoding of student-selected words, mastery of clarifying…

Argues that the National Reading Panel is too narrow in its presentation of scientifically valid reading research. Presents a sample of practices that enjoy support but were ignored by the panel and qualitative research that was out of bounds because of the methodological guidelines of the panel. Concludes that most of the cutting edge of the…

Discusses the importance of keeping adolescents' interests and needs foremost in mind when designing literacy instruction at the middle and high school level. Argues that effective adolescent literacy instruction must address issues of self-efficacy and student engagement with a variety of texts in diverse settings. Contends it must also attend to…

Notes the high-school students in the experimental group were given approximately 18 sessions of individual tutoring in which they practiced associations between letter patterns and pronunciations for pronounceable parts of words. Finds these students showed greater improvements on all measures than did students in a control condition when the…

Examines how experienced high school English teachers defined and gauged effective literature instruction. Finds teachers used differing models for literature instruction against which they gauged their effectiveness. Notes the kinds of models the teachers used determined whether or not they were willing to listen to feedback from students and to…

Examines how and when spelling begins when a group of Finnish kindergartners were provided guided and meaningful literacy opportunities. Demonstrates a substantial growth in children's spelling: some spelled almost all dictated words correctly, most used invented spelling, and only one child used random letter strings for a few words. Notes that…

Reviews 14 studies investigating approaches for teaching children to learn words from context. Finds nearly all treatments were effective compared to a no-treatment control; however, in the 4 studies that included a practice-only treatment, no significant differences were found. Suggests effects of treatments were due to the practice rather than…

Generates a description of the elements that supported students' performance in a university history course. Concludes that students who were flexible in their belief systems about learning and history, perceptions of task, and strategic approaches were the ones who succeeded in the course. Notes that students who performed better in the course…