Administrators at the University of Cincinnati were found to be receptive to nontraditional institutional goals designed to serve the nontraditional students of the 1980s, but current power relationships discourage innovations to attract these students. (Author/MLW)

It is believed that the courts have intruded on the prerogatives of academics to use peer evaluations in personnel decisions. An analysis of academic discrimination cases in the federal courts demonstrates that judicial review is deferential to peer judgments and appears to have little impact on colleges' faculty personnel policies. (Author/MLW)

Bowdoin College has allowed applicants to submit or withhold SAT scores since 1970. Admissions operations under this policy are reviewed. The validity of the SAT is evaluated, and the academic records of matriculated submitters are compared with the withholders. (Author/MLW)

In Western Europe, the advent of higher education as a self-sustaining field of research began two decades ago. The place of higher education research in academia, government policy formulation, and the type of inquiry undertaken in Sweden in comparison with counterparts in France and Britain are examined. (Author/MLW)

Multicampus systems differ in the type of control (public or private) and the jurisdiction of the governing boards, the degree of similarity among campuses, and the administrative structures. These characteristics are combined to form a typology of multicampus systems: private, statewide, hetergeneous public, and homogeneous public. (Author/MLW)

In a sample of undergraduates with comparable abilities, preparation levels, and interests in science, women abandoned their plans to major in science at a significantly greater rate than men did. The different factors that predict men's and women's decisions to choose scientific fields are examined. (Author/MLW)

The research on effective learning is reviewed in order to illustrate changes in how learning processes are understood. Using this research, the cognitive functions of effective learners are described and the implications for the characteristics, and functions of effective learning training programs are discussed. (Author/MLW)

The effect on enrollment of two methods of financing public postsecondary education--blanket and targeted subsidies--is reviewed. Although targeted subsidies generally promote efficiency and equity, three reservations about their assumed effects on enrollment are discussed. (Author/MLW)

Foreign student enrollments in US postsecondary institutions have increased tenfold in the last 25 years. The changing characteristics of foreign students and how the enrollments have risen despite changing immigration regulations that have restrained migration are described. (Author/MLW)

Data about how graduate departments use the Graduate Record Examinations (GRE), what scores are required, and how these admission policies are associated with the quality of graduate programs are analyzed. The results indicate that 64 percent of graduate departments require or recommend GRE scores from applicants. (Author/MLW)

A random selection of course examinations, classified by Bloom's cognitive taxonomy, revealed a pattern of differences between the questions asked at more selective liberal arts colleges and those asked at less selective ones. A framework for describing academic rigor and standards that is based on these findings is presented. (Author/MLW)

A study of nontraditional postsecondary students revealed that Tinto's Model for explaining dropout was applicable to these students but that it could be made more comprehensive for nontraditional students by considering pressures external to the educational setting. (Author/MLW)

A framework for reflecting on, assessing, and improving institutional quality in higher education focuses on internal and external approaches to educational quality and their implications for designing for quality and continuous quality assessment. (MSE)

A study of 12 years of financial data from 93 institutions and surveys of faculty suggest (1) little correlation between an institution's financial resources and its faculty's perception of the institution's functioning but (2) some correlation between administrative style and faculty perceptions. (MSE)

A study of the possible influence of a college's structure and organization on students' affective development suggests that students' academic and social integration tend to mediate the influences of structural characteristics. (MSE)