Natural disasters and terrorism have raised national awareness of major human trauma. In fall 2005, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita forced hundreds of thousands of people to evacuate from their homes. Among American Indian people, these times bring to mind the trauma suffered by their ancestors: The Trail of Tears during the 1830s removed 18,000 Cherokee, Muskogee, and hundreds of other Indians from the Southeast to Oklahoma. (Over 4,000 Cherokee died, either in stockades where they were imprisoned before removal, or along the way.) In 1863 on the Long Walk, over 8,000 Dine and Apache were herded to incarceration at Fort Sumner, New Mexico. (About 2,000 died.) In 1890, hundreds of Lakota were killed at Wounded Knee, South Dakota. Each removal left Indian people in the most destitute of circumstances, forced to rebuild their lives without resources. This article presents an interview with Maria Yellow Horse Brave Heart, who contends that Indian people suffer from historical trauma and continue to exhibit the after-effects, as evidenced by high rates of alcohol and substance abuse, suicide, broken families, poverty, and related mental health issues.