The aim of this research is to examine how children use visual variables to represent nominal and ordinal data on thematic maps. Greek students from first (six- to seven-year old), second (seven to eight-year-old), and third grades (eight- to nine-year-old), without any systematic cartographic experience, were invited to participate in the…

This article presents an introductory study of early-grade level geography education in terms of human ecology using accepted cognitive process and knowledge dimensions related to learning. The central question addressed is "at what cognitive process and knowledge levels do kindergarten and first-grade teachers teach geography?" A tentative answer…