This study was designed to measure the effect of option on cognitive andaffective behavior and reexamine the function of locus of control as a predictor of academic performance in a situation where option-in-means is provided while option-in-ends is controlled. (Author/RK)

This field study was designed as an examination of the effects of stating self-expectancy for complex learning tasks administered under typical classroom conditions. (Author/RK)

Field observation studies involving 121 American and 200 Chinese third- through fifth-grade students, aged 8 to 11 years, examined developmental and cultural patterns in academic risk-taking. Variables assessed included developmental stage, situational factors, curricular emphasis, optimum risk level, cultural background, gender, and industrial…

The effects of two levels of task attribution and three levels of outcome attribution as responses to failure were examined. In the study, 181 male Navy recruit subjects were asked to predict the responses of a Navy recruit who received an unsatisfactory training report. (TJH)

Results of three studies indicate that unless a woman is of unusual ability and/or is an acknowledged success, she must expect to be treated inequitably. (Authors/CB)

Academic risk taking--the selection of schoollike tasks ranging in difficulty and probability of success--was examined for 602 students in grades 4, 6, and 8 in Taiwan. Results of a self-report measure of tolerance for failure and a risk-taking task are discussed concerning self-enhancement versus self-assessment goals, metacognitive skills, and…