Thirty-five 6- to 10-year-old children with initial low rates of donating to help a peer either received a fine for each failure to donate or also were informed of the contingency between the fine and failure to donate. (JH)

Twenty-four subjects at each of four grade levels (first, third, fifth, and college) made judgments of physical slant of surfaces with three levels of variability. Absolute error of judgment decreased with age, but texture variability had no effect at any grade level. (JH)

In two studies footkicks and visual attention of 3-month-olds were measured across daily sessions with conjugate reinforcement provided by an overhead mobile containing identical components. Results imply that infants respond relationally, actively manipulating their visual environments as a function of their previous contextual experiences. (JH)

The apparatus described in this paper automatically records and signals criterion head-turns, thereby eliminating errors of judgment or determinations of interobserver reliability. (JH)

The device described is a system to indicate left-to-right head position. It is limited to indicating relative left-right movements without vertical or up-down discrimination. Although developed for newborns, the system can be applied to older subjects by using a holding device for the infant. (JH)

The present studies demonstrated that children as young as second graders could form prototypical representations from a set of highly similar stimuli. (Author/SB)

Twenty-four 14- and 30-month-old children observed a model use 20 new words as labels for objects of varied semantic associations. Age was highly and positively correlated with elicited and spontaneous imitation and scores for recognition of the objects associated with the words. (Author/SB)

In this study 56 prekindergarten and 174 kindergarten children learned to choose either the card with more or the card with fewer elements in simultaneous discrimination problems. Learning was faster when the card with more elements was positive, particularly when a zero-element card was involved. (Author/SB)

Competing explanations of the beneficial effect of spacing in retardate discrimination learning were tested. Results are inconsistent with consolidation and rehearsal theories but support the prediction of the Geber, Greenfield, and House spacing model that forgetting from short-term memory facilities retardate learning. (Author/SB)

Study compared provoked and spontaneous one-to-one correspondence along with two tasks having more preceptual support for correspondence. In opposition to Piaget's predictions, the four levels of correspondence did not differ in difficulty for kindergarteners. (Author/SB)

Two experiments were conducted to demonstrate that human infants 3 months of age perceive color in a normal, trichromatic manner. Results from these studies of the neutral zone and hue discrimination evidence trichromatic vision in infancy and are discussed in the context of their clinical, social, and intellectual implications. (Author/SB)

Four hundred children ages 5, 9, and 12 were given a component selection task with stimuli differing in color and shape. Results indicate a greater tendency for older than younger children to withdraw attention from a normally dominant component when advantageous to adopt another feature as the primary functional cue. (Author/SB)

Problem studied: How children represent haptic spatial information in memory. Question aimed at: Whether, and if so in what ways, children's spatial representations differ according to the main modality of prior experience. (JH)

Children, ages 7-8 and 11-12, were asked to represent pairs of nouns in memory as a single interactive image, as two separate images, or by a control procedure; and then were tested either by cued or noncued recall. Results were interpreted as supporting an imagery-organization hypothesis. (Author/SB)

The locus of facilitation due to rehearsal was investigated in three experiments with first-grade children. Several difference overt acquisition strategies in a four-item sequential memory task were compared, including ordered repetition, item repetition, item labeling, and free strategy conditions. (Author/SB)