Suggests that fuzzy-trace theory may replace dominant metaphors of cognitive development. Discusses theoretical climate of the 1980s when the theory was first formulated. Describes how, by integrating new ideas about how cognitive development was viewed into a coherent framework, the theory slowly gained acceptance as critical aspects of it were…

This study examined the relation between number conservation and attention to number, density, and length or area in 86 kindergarteners and 18 third graders. (Author/SB)

Study compared provoked and spontaneous one-to-one correspondence along with two tasks having more preceptual support for correspondence. In opposition to Piaget's predictions, the four levels of correspondence did not differ in difficulty for kindergarteners. (Author/SB)

Examined the ability of three-year-olds, four-year-olds, kindergartners, and second graders to predict how certain internal and external conditions affect behavior. In two studies, a forced-choice procedure revealed that even the youngest group could predict the effect of various causes, while a third study examined more complex types of causal…

Examines early phases of understanding of causes of moderately and extremely displaced aggression. Preschool and kindergarten children three to five years of age viewed eight videotaped episodes of displaced aggression. Comprehension was assessed by means of open-ended questions and forced-choice picture selections. (Author/RH)

This study aimed to describe developmental differences in five-, seven-, and nine-year-olds' understanding of displaced aggression and to identify social and cognitive correlates of these differences. Understanding of displaced aggression increased significantly with age. (RH)

Studied 49 3 and 4 year olds in an examination of the effect of type of reward agent on children's discounting. Findings indicated that the combination of a negative valence and a particular social role accounted for the discounting of intrinsic interest. This suggests that social knowledge guides the application of the discounting schema. (SH)

Examines whether spontaneously strategic children from two age groups differed in the capacity required to execute a strategy. The strategic behavior of younger and older children was assessed on a selective memory task. A significant age difference in the capacity required for the strategy suggested that there is further development of strategies…

Examined preschoolers' strategic behavior on a task in which they must decide whether two arrays are the same. Results indicated that the course of strategy development is complex, there is much diversity within a child and among children in both strategy production and strategy utilization, and that children act in ways that are counter to…