A survey was made of 99 students at a large university to determine how prevalent 10 grading practices were and how these practices were evaluated by students. Recommendations to improve communication of grading standards to students are offered based upon survey results. (Author/MT)

This study was undertaken to determine whether afternoon reading instruction results in greater achievement for beginning readers than does morning instruction. One hundred first grade pupils participated in the study. Implications for practice and continued research are discussed. (Author/MT)

Development of the Florida Performance Measurement System (FPMS) is outlined. A videotaped history lesson by the Secretary of Education, William Bennett, serves to illustrate FPMS' use in the observation of teacher performance, the analysis of observed data, the provision of feedback to teachers, and the derivation of normed observation scores.…

Performance on subtests of the California Achievement Tests was compared for students in grades one, two, four, and five who had been assigned to one of two groups, one of which had received formal instruction in test-taking skills. Results are discussed. (Author/MT)

This study employed a causal model to examine the influence of personal characteristics, undergraduate institutional characteristics, and college experiences on the attainment of entry into the teaching profession. The sample comprised 890 students aspiring to be teachers upon enrollment in college in 1971. Results are presented. (Author/MT)

This study investigated whether learning with a computer in small group settings would produce higher levels of achievement, attitudes, and prosocial orientation than learning in individualized settings. Participants were 115 junior high school students. Results and their implications are discussed. (Author/MT)

Seven ninth-grade classes participated in an investigation of the hypothesis that peer evaluation as part of the writing process would lead toward improved attitude and increased fluency in writing. Conclusions are discussed. (Author/MT)

The study investigated the cognitive processes underlying differences in computer competency between 29 intellectually gifted and 14 nongifted children. Findings are analyzed. (Author/MT)

The relations between word knowledge and reading comprehension for good and poor readers were studied using various formats. Subjects were 50 fifth and sixth graders who read at grade level and 50 tenth graders who read at a sixth-grade level. Results are discussed. (Author/MT)

Analysis of the classroom environments of 40 Israeli high schools revealed two distinct types--challenging and supportive. The attributes and shortcomings of each type of school are compared. (Author/MT)

This paper analyzes: (1) the task of learning to read, in the context of cognitive and linguistic tools a child has at his/her disposal; (2) how these tools change with further development and experience; and (3) how teachers can foster this development and growth. Eight research-based recommendations for classroom teaching are given. (PP)

Observers identified four types of behavior in junior high school students: good, outgoing, rebellious, and withdrawn. Results were compared with behavior patterns found in first-grade students, and similar findings emerged. Questions are raised about how student roles are established and whether teaching affects them. (Authors/PP)

A group-based, teacher-paced mastery learning format was used to instruct students in two sections of an undergraduate course on teaching mainstreamed handicapped children. Students in these sections displayed greater achievement and higher motivation, measured by their number of absences, than did students taught the course by more conventional…

Differences in attitudes toward algebra and general mathematics among ninth-grade students were measured to determine both individual personality variables and attitudes toward the learning environment. Students in the upper and lower tracks shared many personal attitudes, but differed in their views of classroom adequacy. (Authors/PP)

A measure was developed to assess kindergarten children's interest in reading, and information about their home and school environments was collected. High-reading-interest children were read to more frequently, watched less television, and had more books at home. School factors are also discussed. (Author/PP)