Subject matter concept attainment by adult students was studied by experimentally manipulating instructional instances which were either positive or negative, clear or obscure, or presented in large or small variety. (Author/JA)

This study examined how teacher education that is multicultural is implemented on campus, and whether student teachers use multicultural education concepts in their field experiences. (Author/MT)

This study examined the accuracy of focused teacher self-reports for nine secondary English teachers. Teacher accuracy was high, suggesting that focused teacher self-reports can gather reliable data on instructional practices. (Author/MT)

The effects of active participation on student learning was investigated using 20 fifth grade classes which were randomly assigned treatment levels. Results suggest that active student participation exerts a positive influence on fifth grade student achievement of relatively unique instructional material. (Author/MT)

Performances of 64 sixth-grade readers on a traditional and three alternative types of cloze tests were compared. Results confirm and extend the findings of earlier studies investigating cloze alternatives. Advantages of the alternate forms are discussed. (Author/MT)

Thirty-seven sixth graders were assigned to one of two computer-based treatments to learn four propaganda concepts. In both treatments, students were allowed to choose additional instruction; however, one group received general statements of encouragement to choose additional instruction. Results are presented. (Author/MT)

Visual imagery as a factor relating to spelling performance and retention was compared with auditory and kinesthetic factors among children in grades 4, 5, and 6. Results revealed that visual imagery was superior to auditory for both spelling and retention. (Author/MT)

Many mastery decisions are made based on assessment devices that are known to be less than perfectly reliable. A significant portion of examinees who have scores near the cutting score risk misclassification, even for instruments with relatively high retest reliability. Suggestions for minimizing this risk are offered. (Author/MT)

This study investigated how task strategies and attributions for success during mathematics learning influenced children's self-efficacy and skills. Attribution of success to high ability exerted the strongest influence on increases in self-efficacy. Implications for teaching are discussed. (Author/MT)

Strategies were examined for adapting the context of mathematical materials to student interests. Two groups were studied using four context variations. Implications for increasing students' confidence and proficiency in solving word problems is discussed. (Author/MT)

Data from a national sample of 1,955 17-year-olds were used to test a model of educational productivity involving ability, motivation, quantity and quality of instruction, and home and classroom environments. A number of factors were found to be significant predictors of student outcomes. (Author/MT)

Longitudinal data from a large sample of high school students were analyzed using a cross-lagged panel correlation design in an attempt to rule out plausible alternative explanations of the causal relationship between self-concept and achievement. Results suggest there may be no causal relationship but an indirect one through other variables.…

Forty-six achievement tests were compared for content validity, criterion-related validity, reliability, and norms. Results show that more popular tests provide the user with technical data in the critical areas examined, although the information provided may be incomplete. (Author/MT)

This study evaluated the adequacy of a Likert-type scale cooperating teacher report. Results demonstrated a significant presence of leniency error and halo effect, leaving highly questionable the validity of the report as a whole. Findings are discussed. (Author/MT)

This study examines whether residual recall differences between reading ability groups after a memory training task reflect the dimensions of organizational processing. Although age-related effects occurred, no ability group effects emerged, suggesting that learning disabled readers adequately access word features except when organized by…