By reviewing historical background of mnemonic techniques in second language learning, detailing two imagery-based mnemonics and discussing theoretical interpretations of the mnemonics, this paper discusses the practical implications of the problem of transfer of learning to naturalistic situations. Also noted are classroom applications of…

What happens when explanations externalizing the cause of one's achievement failures are no longer credible? College undergraduates experiencing successive subjective failure in classroom tests gave postdictive explanations for failures, indicated shame, and rated expectancy for future success. Self-worth predictions suggest despair occurs when…

A discrete-trial reaction time methodology was employed measuring speeds of skilled and less skilled readers in naming colors, pictures, numbers, letters, and words. Less skilled nondyslexic children don't exhibit a general name retrieval deficit; rather, research shows phonological analysis skills are integral in early reading acquisition.…

Development of an information processing model provided concepts for analyzing test anxiety. Results implied that worry reported by high test-anxious students is due to inadequate knowledge of subject matter rather than a personality characteristic. Programs emphasizing learning strategies and coping techniques are urged. (CE)

In a study involving students currently enrolled in their last semester of required mathematics and students already enrolled in nonrequired mathematics, it was demonstrated that a factor involving encouragement from significant others and subjective value placed on mathematics was the best predictor of taking nonrequired mathematics courses for…

A study of 12- to 15-year old boys, grouped as learning disabled or nonlearning disabled suggested that learning disabled youths do not evidence more delinquent behavior than nondisabled youths. They are, however, more likely to be found delinquent by juvenile courts. (CE)

In two experiments, fourth, fifth, and sixth-graders and an adult set chose titles and wrote summary sentences for expository paragraphs. All groups were better at detecting sentences that conformed neither to the paragraphs general nor specific topic than sentences conforming only to the general. (CE)

Thirty-six children from grades K, three, and six rated their preferences of nine figures of speech after being administered standardized IQ and creativity tests. Children's appreciation of figurative language starts at a nonverbal creativity level but turns to operational reasoning and changes in cognitive development. (CE)

The peer review process used to select manuscripts for publication in academic journals is important to the individual researcher and the scientific community, but it has been the topic of little research. This article analyzes the reviewers overall recommendation, ratings on specific subscales, and written critiques. Reviewer reliability is…

This study was an exploratory investigation into the attitudes held by school personnel regarding maternal employment. Tentative explanations for the findings are offered. (Author/GK)

This investigation focused on factors related to students' decisions to withdraw from college courses. An open-ended survey was used to construct questionnaires for assessing student, instructor, course, and situational variables. Implications for advisors and instructors, relationship of withdrawal to course selection, and suggestions for…

The purpose of this study was to investigate how individuals use information about a target student's past academic performance to evaluate that performance and to predict future performance. The importance of observers' reactions to nonlinear and linear performance patterns is discussed. (Author/GK)

College students learning they had done well or poorly on an examination were asked to evaluate the cause of the outcome, describe affective reactions, and estimate expectations about future test performances. Results support the contention that academic failure needn't lead to losses in achievement motivation, depression, or frustration.…

This study examines the accuracy of kindergarten through third-grade children's perceptions of their own relative ability. Also tested is the hypothesis that children's ratings of classmates' ability are based on actual performance at an earlier age than are ratings of their own ability. (Author/GK)

The purpose of this study was to examine children's cognitive-attributional and affective response patterns within competitive and individualistic goal structures. Findings showed that effort attributions covaried with outcome in the individualistic structure, whereas luck and outcome covaried in the competitive structure. (Author/GK)