Present and possible future process-outcome research is assessed, with emphasis on methodological considerations. Compilation of detailed normative data about classrooms, and explication and integration of process-process as well as process-outcome relations are suggested. Studies designed with particular contexts in mind rather than classroom…

Instrumental Enrichment was compared with direct help in school subjects under field conditions in Israel. Effects favoring Instrumental Enrichment on intellective and nonintellective criteria and residential settings on some intellective measures were obtained. Results indicated that mediating basic deficiencies in problem solving produces better…

Effects of actually earned and randomly assigned grades were investigated. Earned grade had minor effects on evaluation of the instructor, but less adequate students were found to show greater evaluation-rating shifts as a function of manipulations performed. Responses made to attribution questions were consonant with reponses to evaluation items.…

Instructor expressiveness and lecture content were combined with instructor reputation in a 2 X 2 X 2 factorial design to assess interaction effects. Results indicated that reputation interacted with expressiveness but not content, in which students rated positive, high-expressive instructors more favorably than negative, high-expressive…

High school students were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions to assess affective benefits of using cooperative and group goal structures on problem-solving tasks. Results showed that students who worked in groups performed better and expressed greater certainty and enjoyment of tasks than students who worked alone. (Author/RD)

The purpose of the study was to determine the combined effect of six low-inference variables of teacher clarity on student achievement. Main effects for teacher clarity and for time of achievement (immediate v delayed) were significant. There was no effect of teacher clarity on student retention (Author/RD)

Impact of information about behaviors, labels, psychotherapy and sex of hypothetical pupils on teachers' expectations of present and future school functioning was investigated. Behaviors were the prepotent determinant of teachers' ratings. Future ratings of children were consistently more positive than ratings for the present. (Author/RD)

Results of two studies of teachers' attributions for school problems indicate that teachers hold student factors more responsible for classroom problems than teacher factors, and that teachers' attributions vary for learning v behavior problems. The second study also indicates that students perceived as lacking motivation were criticized more…

Effects of language of administration on IQ and predictions of letter learning and achievement were investigated for Anglo and bilingual Mexican American preschool children. Significant IQ differences were associated with language of test administration. No significant differences among predictions of letter task performance were obtained for…

Study investigated whether instruments assessing the sociopsychological climate of classrooms were appropriate from the students' perspective. The Classroom Environment Scale was administered to 185 high school students. Results indicated that students' importance ratings of sociopsychological climate structures validated a three- dimensiona1…

Faculty and students rated profiles of 100 hypothetical instructors. Findings suggest that valid systems of instructional evaluation should focus on amount of information, arousal of student interest, presentation style, and general knowledge of the field. The relative importance of content to style dimensions was slightly greater for faculty…

Males and females responded to self-esteem and locus of control instruments. Both sexes perceived themselves as more internally controlled than the opposite sex and credited males as higher in self-esteem when responding as they thought a member of the opposite sex would respond. (Author/RD)

Randomly selected instructors were given feedback from midterm student ratings and met with the authors to discuss the ratings and strategies for improvement. More favorable student ratings at the end of the term, better final examination scores, and more favorable affective outcomes resulted. (Author/RD)

A general model for a quantitative description of individual growth in learning was developed. Published data in a variety of areas and data on learning sequences in a classroom were processed through the model. Findings suggest that the general growth model governs growth phenomena. (Author/RD)

Using error analysis and individual interviews, the problem-solving actions of first and second graders were analyzed. Shortcomings of children's knowledge and solution strategies were seen to be overcome by instruction. A control group, with usual arithmetic instruction, and an experimental group were established and the hypothesized…