Analyses of students' responses to Students' Evaluation of Education Quality (collected 4,471 courses) focused on two interrelated issues: the multidimensionality of student ratings and their susceptibility to bias. (Author/PN)

The relationship between sociopsychological climate structures and teacher-bias expectancy for groups of students differentiated on the basis of race and ability was assessed by The Classroom Environment Scale. Results indicated an overall pattern that teachers expect different students to need different sociopsychological climates. (PN)

Eighty-eight seventh grade students were randomly assigned to mastery or nonmastery approaches to learning four hierarchical chapters about sailing. The price of increased achievement benefits of group-based mastery learning seems to be increased time costs of (1) extra remedial time and (2) "wasted time" of faster learners. (Author/PN)

A behavioral effectiveness criterion was employed to conceptually and operationally define social intelligence. Using Keating's "A Search for Social Intelligence" as a methodological model, the present study examined four measures of academic intelligence and six measures of social intelligence using three different correlational procedures.…

Groups of 270 Black and 270 White children drawn from the national stratified random sample used in the standardization of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) were matched on age, sex, and WISC-R Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient to facilitate investigation of the patterns of specific cognitive abilities. (Author)

Path analysis was used to provide a comprehensive test of the validity of Tinto's causal model of voluntary withdrawal from a postsecondary institution. This study also tests Tinto's hypothesis of compensatory interactions between social and academic integration and between institutional and goal commitment. (Author/PN)

Alternatives to multidimensional scaling analysis of numerical relationship judgments in extracting information about students' knowledge were investigated. Undergraduate students completed a multiple choice test over knowledge of individual concepts, an essay test covering relationships among concepts, and a relationship judgment test that…

The effects of prepassage questions quizzing information of different structural importance on college students' memory for expository prose passages were compared. Results indicated that questions which direct the subjects' attention to material at the top of the organizational structure facilitate the effective encoding of the central…

Phonological coding in printed-word recognition in English was studied by examining the use made of syllable information by skilled and less skilled readers in the second grade and by adults. The results are discussed in terms of an interactive model of reading. (Author/PN)

This training study examined the modifiability of older adults' (n=73) performance on measures of attentional processes and training transfer to the psychometric ability domains of perceptual speed, memory span, and fluid-crystallized intelligence. Significant training effects occurred for attention measures, and these effects were maintained at…

In two experiments, subjects were instructed to take a distinctive point of view while reading and recalling a story. The results were interpreted to mean that the schema brought into play by the perspective instructions selectively enhances encoding when operative during reading, and selectively enhances retrieval when operative during attempts…

Results from the data analysis show that children learn mathematical concepts for clear cases, and that an analysis of attributes common to examples of a given concept is not a prerequisite to concept formation. The protocol findings provide information as to why this may be happening. (Author/PN)

Two experiments examined the effects of embedded and intact (outline) headings on the processing of complex text material by college students. Results indicated that embedded headings reliably improved delayed test performance. It was further found that instructions in the use of headings as processing aids facilitated test performance. (Author/PN)

The present research makes an original contribution to the previously distinct fields of classroom environment and person-environment fit because it uses the Classroom Environment Scale, which assesses actual and preferred classroom environment, in a person-environment fit study. (Author/PN)

This study replicated Daneman and Carpenter's finding that the reading span test, as a measure of working memory storage and process functions, is predictive of performance on standard reading comprehension tests. It showed that reading span is related to the ability to draw inferences from, integrate, and encode text information. (Author/PN)