Two groups of teachers viewed a videotape depicting the social interaction of an eight-year-old boy. One group was told the boy's parents were divorced; the other group that his home was intact. Teachers rated the divorced child more negatively on happiness, emotional adjustment, and coping with stress. (Author/RD)

Undergraduates could earn a $10 bonus by performing above average on a free-recall task. Following a pretest, success messages were manipulated. During a subsequent test, subjects could cheat. Cheating was related to anticipated success in a curvilinear fashion with medium success yielding the most cheating. Cheating and expectations are…

Undergraduates in an economics course reported prior grade averages and their final exam predictions. Students rated the influence that ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck had on performance and completed an achievement motivation scale. Regression analyses provided support for the attribution model of achievement expectations. Sex…

College students responded to a questionnaire designed to measure students' satisfaction with their academic major programs. Hierarchical factor analyses producted four factors in both undergraduate and graduate samples: perception of value in program; satisfaction with instruction; satisfaction with faculty mentorship; and overall satisfaction…

The effect of protocol films of contrasting structure (presence or absence of formal interpretive framework) on the acquisition of teacher behavior concepts and reactions to the filmed treatment was investigated. Pre- and post-testing assessed gains in concept acquisition. Effects of manipulating structure on teacher attitudes and concept…

Children with visual or auditory reading disorders and normally achieving children performed visual and auditory recognition tasks, with visual or auditory distractors presented. With distractors, learning disabled groups made more errors and did not improve over trials as much as controls. All groups made more errors when task and distractor were…

College students read passages and answered either verbatim or parphrased adjunct questions either inserted in the text or massed at the end of the passage. Passage review was varied. On the post-test containing unfamiliar paraphrased questions, students given inserted paraphrased adjunct questions outperformed the others. Paraphrased questions…

Undergraduates read a prose passage and were tested on its contents. Difficulty, permission to underline key phrases, and financial motivation were varied. Non-highly motivated subjects performed better on the easy version; underlining aided highly motivated subjects and those reading the difficult version. (Author/RD)

Four experiments investigated memory scanning rates of skilled and less skilled readers. In three experiments, reaction times of skilled readers were faster than those of less skilled readers with reading time partialled out (aloud and silent reading). Differences were not significant when the scan component in answering was minimized. (Author/RD)

This paper compares student, peer, and self ratings in terms of item statistics, convergent and discriminant validity, and relation to student learning. Ratings were similar in range and distribution, although colleagues tended to give the most favorable ratings, students least favorable. No rating was significantly related to student achievement.…

The relationship between intelligence, field dependence, leadership, and self-concept was studied in 88 sixth grade boys. Field independence, as measured by the Group Embedded Figures Test, was related to intelligence and self-concept. Analytic subjects exhibited more leadership than global subjects, while IQ did not differentiate subjects on any…

This study evaluated the hypothesis that affective components of creativity (attitudes, values, interest, motivations) may be strengthened in a university creativity course. A two-group, two-test design was used. For each class, the after-training creativity test scores were significantly higher than the before-training scores of the other class.…

Good, normal, and poor third grade readers were required to read easy, moderate, and difficult one-syllable nouns under three conditions: control condition with no pictures, identifying-picture condition, and unrelated-picture condition. Reading performance of poor readers was influenced by pictures under all conditions. Individual differences…

A battery of problem solving and divergent thinking tasks was administered to 91 fifth graders to identify a factor that could be labeled problem solving and be distinct from divergent thinking. In several factor analyses, three factors consistently emerged: fluency, problem solving, and academic achievement. (Author/RD)

Previous Studies have yielded mixed results concerning the relationships between student learning, instructor leniency, and student evaluations of instructors. A three-equation model is presented that disentangles learning from leniency and relates the results to evaluations. It indicates no significant relationship between either leniency or…