Analyzes the recommendations of the Dearing "Review of Qualifications for 16-19 Year Olds" in Britain. Makes suggestions for a unified qualifications system and places reform within a wider context, including a possible change in government. (SK)

Examines the gap between modernist-based business education and postmodern business practices in the cultural industries (broadcasting, publishing, design, entertainment). Uses research results to demonstrate how cultural industries use reflexive modes of consumption and production. Suggests a need for a postmodern approach to business education.…

Discussions with three groups of further education students in Britain explored their orientations toward study, their responses to vocationalism, and the processes influencing their emerging identities as learners. The processes were linked with the global context of education. (SK)

In interviews, 81 British girls and 64 boys aged 7-11 chose a diverse, less gender-stereotyped selection of jobs. There were differences in the types and attributes of jobs chosen by girls and boys, and few children chose jobs traditional for the opposite sex. In role playing, a majority chose gender-stereotypical occupational roles. (SK)

Review of research over 2 decades suggests that two-thirds to three-quarters of British children have some experience of paid employment by the minimum school-leaving age (16). Recent studies in England and Scotland confirm that 2.2-2.6 million children worked at some time before age 16. (SK)

Construction of male gender identity must be considered in relation to reforms in state schooling, restructured labor markets, the rise of diverse family forms, and media representations of masculinity. Despite the backlash against feminism and equal employment opportunity efforts, social class must remain part of the analysis. (SK)

From a sample of 438 British primary and 451 secondary schools, 122 and 242 respective responses were received. Compared to a 1988-89 study, attitudes toward business practices were positive, despite concerns about ethics; length of teacher placements in industry was positively associated with their perceived value; and primary teachers were less…

Although women have achieved more participation and higher qualifications, the education and training systems are reinforcing highly rigid patterns of gender segregation in the Welsh labor force. Wales is thus consolidating its status as a low-wage, low-skill economy. (SK)

A British study of a Training and Enterprise Council Quality Assurance standard in its first 18 months shows that it has been interpreted in different ways by different people and is far from providing assurance of uniform quality. Changes made as a result of new regulations have been more managerial/organizational and have less impact on the…

The British government's policy of flexible labor market may be interpreted as either flexibility of conditions, which encourages temporary, contingent work, or flexibility of skills, a repertoire that enables workers to undertake a range of tasks as needed. The challenge for educators is to help workers understand and engage in an uncertain world…

A study of 105 unemployed youth in rural Newfoundland indicated that, despite the economically depressed labor market, variations in psychological well-being depended on the youths' coping strategies. Past experience of employment commitment, gender, age, and migration interacted to explain the variations. (SK)

Models of small business training in Britain include promotion of enterprise culture, creation of entrepreneurial attributes, technical/management skills training, and business plan development. Various institutions offer training: universities, technical colleges, enterprise agencies, and nongovernmental and community development agencies. (SK)

In India, a survey of samples of 126 business owners with entrepreneurship training and 120 without found that trained owners broke even significantly sooner and had lower capital-outlet ratios. Another study of 2 groups of 30 found trained owners had significantly higher personal earnings, company profits, and numbers employed. (SK)

Evaluation of the British Graduate Enterprise Programme, which assisted first-time owners with business startup, found that fewer new businesses would be started without training, training costs were matched or bettered by profits by the third year of business, and training funds spent by government attracted twice as much in bank or private…

At a Welsh university, an experimental program to encourage creativity evolved into a mainstream course on innovation. The modular program seeks to give students understanding of pressures for change, theoretical models of innovation, techniques to enhance abilities, and protection of intellectual property. (SK)