The main focus of fluorous chemistry targets resource and time-consuming separation, in order to improve the material economy and thus represents potentially environmentally friendly technology. Fluorous chemistry offers the advantage of easy separation based on different affirmatives of organics and fluorous molecules, where the process called…

An alternative method that uses a simple apparatus to measure vapor pressure versus temperature in a closed system, in which the total pressure is the vapor pressure of the liquid sample, is described. The use of this apparatus gives students a more direct picture of vapor pressure than the isoteniscope method and results have generally been quite…

An experiment is developed that requires the use of the NMR spectrometer via a NOESY1D experiment to determine the diastereoselectivity in the reduction of alpha-methylbenzoin with various reducing agents. Students must synthesize racemic alpha-hydroxyketones, perform reductions under chelating and non-chelating conditions, and quantitatively…

Organogels are low molar mass organic compounds with the ability to immobilize an incredible quantity of solvent and fibrous aggregation of these compounds formed by noncovalent interaction usually involves hydrogen bonding. For stilbene-cholesterol based gelators, the driving force for molecular aggregation are weak van der Waal interactions…

An experiment is described, which is designed for a junior-level chemical engineering "fundamentals of measurements and data analysis" course, where students are introduced to the concept of statistical process control (SPC) through a simple inline mixing experiment. The students learn how to create and analyze control charts in an effort to…

A simple, low-cost experiment to demonstrate the wetting dynamics of liquids on solid surfaces is described, where a "Web cam" is used to measure the expansion of the drop as a function of time. The advantage of a Web cam is its low cost, which permits an individual setup per student and the results obtained from the students with these devices…

The geometry of drops hanging on a circular capillary can be determined by numerically solving a dimensionless differential equation that is independent on any material properties, which enables one to follow the change of the height, surface area, and contact angle of drops hanging on a particular capillary. The results show that the application…

The power of thermodynamics as a tool to derive useful information for a variety of systems is described, stressing the central role of the measurement of thermodynamics properties having experimental physical chemistry. The strategy relies on the use of "response coefficients" that can be measured experimentally and on the systematic manipulation…

The derivations based on the use of deficit functions provide a simple means of demonstrating the extremism conditions that are applicable to various thermodynamics function. The method shows that the maximum quantity of work is available from a system only when the processes are carried out reversibly since irreversible (spontaneous)…

Le Chatelier's principle states that the further addition of a particular component will cause the reaction to shift in the direction that reduces the total number of moles of the system. However, the addition of one reactant [N[subscript 2]] as in the ammonia synthesis reaction may cause the reaction to proceed in a direction that produces more…

A new general procedure for deriving the Gibbs energy of mixing is developed through general thermodynamic considerations, and the ideal-solution model is obtained as a special particular case of the general one. The deduction of the Gibbs energy of mixing for the ideal-solution model is a rational one and viewed suitable for advanced students who…

The equations for the liquid and gas lines in the binary temperature-composition phase diagram are derived by approximating that delta(H)[subscript vap] of the two liquids are equal. It is shown that within this approximation, the resulting equations are not too difficult to present in an undergraduate physical chemistry lecture.

The existing vector formalism method for thermodynamic relationship maintains tractability and uses accessible mathematics, which can be seen as a diverting and entertaining step into the mathematical formalism of thermodynamics and as an elementary application of matrix algebra. The method is based on ideas and operations apt to improve the…

A Web-based organic chemistry home work program, EPOCH is developed, whose two most important features are that students draw structures as responses to posed questions, and then students receive feedback tailored specifically to their responses. EPOCH is a tool that can have a real effect on student learning and provides one-to-one interaction…

The practical scenarios discussed in a chemistry or chemical engineering course that use solid or liquid reactants are presented. Important ideas to be considered when handling pressurized fluids are provided and three typical examples are described to enable students develop secondary skills such as the selective search of data, identification of…