Argues that the meaning of the word "symbiosis" be standardized and that it should be used in a broad sense. Also criticizes the orthodox teaching of general principles in this subject and recommends that priority be given to continuity, intimacy, and associated adaptations, rather than to the harm/benefit relationship. (Author/JN)

Argues that life cycles and the concept of the four-dimensional organism should be the most important idea in teaching high school biology in the United Kingdom. Presents a set of concepts and terms with a view to improving the perceived confusion in present teaching situations. (TW)

While ecology is usually regarded as a subject/topic in six-form biology teaching, it is recommended that it be treated as a joint theme with physiology throughout the course. This involves a full integration of ecological concepts into other topics with the abolition of ecology as a discrete entity. (Author/JN)

Uses the irruption theory in explaining the occurrence of the Darwin finches in the Galapagos Islands as an example of how alternative theories can be presented in an educational setting. Advocates the comparison of alternative theories to encourage creative thinking and a critical attitude. (CS)