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Showing 1,471 to 1,485 of 2,932 results
Peer reviewed
Direct linkMatson, Johnny L.; Wilkins, Jonathan; Smith, Kimberly; Ancona, Martin – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2008
PDD-NOS has been an illusive diagnostic category in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). It is a frequently occurring ASD, but it has typically been defined by what it is not--autism. This latter condition has received the bulk of the attention in the development of diagnostic methods, while PDD-NOS has largely been ignored from a diagnostic…
Descriptors: Mental Retardation, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Clinical Diagnosis
Mayes, Susan Dickerson; Calhoun, Susan L. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2008
Children with high-functioning autism earned above normal scores on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) Perceptual Reasoning and Verbal Comprehension Indexes and below normal scores on the Working Memory and Processing Speed Indexes and Wechsler Individual Achievement Test-Second Edition (WIAT-II) Written…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Autism, Achievement Tests, Measures (Individuals)
Dziobek, Isabel; Rogers, Kimberley; Fleck, Stefan; Bahnemann, Markus; Heekeren, Hauke R.; Wolf, Oliver T.; Convit, Antonio – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2008
Empathy is a multidimensional construct consisting of cognitive (inferring mental states) and emotional (empathic concern) components. Despite a paucity of research, individuals on the autism spectrum are generally believed to lack empathy. In the current study we used a new, photo-based measure, the Multifaceted Empathy Test (MET), to assess…
Descriptors: Asperger Syndrome, Empathy, Adults, Tests
Reynolds, Stacey; Lane, Shelly J. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2008
Atypical responses to sensory stimulation are frequently reported to co-occur with diagnoses such as autism, ADHD, and Fragile-X syndrome. It has also been suggested that children and adults may present with atypical sensory responses while failing to meet the criteria for other medical or psychological diagnoses. This may be particularly true for…
Descriptors: Sensory Experience, Responses, Clinical Diagnosis, Case Studies
Boraston, Zillah L.; Corden, Ben; Miles, Lynden K.; Skuse, David H.; Blakemore, Sarah-Jayne – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2008
Individuals with autism are impaired in the recognition of fear, which may be due to their reduced tendency to look at the eyes. Here we investigated another potential perceptual and social consequence of reduced eye fixation. The eye region of the face is critical for identifying genuine, or sincere, smiles. We therefore investigated this ability…
Descriptors: Nonverbal Communication, Eye Movements, Autism, Interpersonal Relationship
Papageorgiou, Vaya; Georgiades, Stelios; Mavreas, Venos – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2008
Recent studies provide evidence that the Restricted, Repetitive Behaviours, and Interests (RRBI) domain of autism is heterogeneous, consisting of at least two factors: Insistence on Sameness (IS) and Repetitive Sensory and Motor Behaviours and Interests (RSMB) [Cuccaro et al. ("Child Psychiatry and Human Development," 34, 3-7, 2003; Szatmari et…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Factor Structure, Symptoms (Individual Disorders)
Palomo, Ruben; Thompson, Meagan; Colombi, Costanza; Cook, Ian; Goldring, Stacy; Young, Gregory S.; Ozonoff, Sally – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2008
Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD) is a rare pervasive developmental disorder that involves regression after a period of at least 2 years of typical development. This case study presents data from family home movies, coded by reliable raters using an objective coding system, to examine the trajectory of development in one child with a…
Descriptors: Autism, Children, Child Development, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
James, S. Jill; Melnyk, Stepan; Jernigan, Stefanie; Hubanks, Amanda; Rose, Shannon; Gaylor, David W. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2008
An integrated metabolic profile reflects the combined influence of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors that affect the candidate pathway of interest. Recent evidence suggests that some autistic children may have reduced detoxification capacity and may be under chronic oxidative stress. Based on reports of abnormal methionine and…
Descriptors: Metabolism, Autism, Genetics, Parents
Szatmari, Peter; Georgiades, Stelios; Duku, Eric; Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie; Goldberg, Jeremy; Bennett, Terry – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2008
Given the recent findings regarding the association between alexithymia and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and the accumulating evidence for the presence of the Broader Autism Phenotype (BAP) in relatives of individuals with ASD, we further explored the construct of alexithymia in parents of children with ASD as a potential part of the BAP. We…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Autism, Parents, Psychometrics
Giannotti, Flavia; Cortesi, Flavia; Cerquiglini, Antonella; Miraglia, Daniela; Vagnoni, Cristina; Sebastiani, Teresa; Bernabei, Paola – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2008
This study investigated sleep of children with autism and developmental regression and the possible relationship with epilepsy and epileptiform abnormalities. Participants were 104 children with autism (70 non-regressed, 34 regressed) and 162 typically developing children (TD). Results suggested that the regressed group had higher incidence of…
Descriptors: Epilepsy, Autism, Sleep, Developmental Disabilities
O'Connor, Kate; Kirk, Ian – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2008
A central question to autism research is whether autism is largely the result of an impairment in social cognition and/or motivation or the result of a more general processing difference. This review discusses problems with the "social deficit" model of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is suggested that superior attention to low-level perceptual…
Descriptors: Autism, Motivation, Social Cognition, Social Behavior
Goldman, Sylvie – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2008
Narrative analysis of personal events provides an opportunity for identifying autism specific issues related to language and social impairments. Eight personal events were elicited from three groups of schoolage children: 14 high-functioning with Autism Spectrum Disorders (HFA), 12 non-autistic with developmental language disorders (DLD), and 12…
Descriptors: Age, Autism, Language Impairments, Personal Narratives
Schirmbeck, Frederike; Georgi, Alexander; Strohmaier, Jana; Schmael, Christine; Boesshenz, Katja V.; Muhleisen, Thomas W.; Herms, Stefan; Hoffmann, Per; Jamra, Rami Abou; Schumacher, Johannes; Maier, Wolfgang; Propping, Peter; Nothen, Markus M.; Cichon, Sven; Rietschel, Marcella; Schulze, Thomas G. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2008
Whereas "Dysbindin" is considered a schizophrenia vulnerability gene, there is no consistency of findings. Phenotype refinement approaches may help to increase the genetic homogeneity and thus reconcile conflicting results. Premorbid adjustment (PMA) has been suggested to aid the phenotypic dissection. Gornick et al. ("J Autism Dev Disord"…
Descriptors: Schizophrenia, Patients, Genetics, Foreign Countries
Franklin, Anna; Sowden, Paul; Burley, Rachel; Notman, Leslie; Alder, Elizabeth – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2008
This study examined whether color perception is atypical in children with autism. In experiment 1, accuracy of color memory and search was compared for children with autism and typically developing children matched on age and non-verbal cognitive ability. Children with autism were significantly less accurate at color memory and search than…
Descriptors: Autism, Memory, Perceptual Development, Cognitive Ability
Lopata, Christopher; Volker, Martin A.; Putnam, Susan K.; Thomeer, Marcus L.; Nida, Robert E. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2008
This study examined the effect of social familiarity on salivary cortisol and social anxiety/stress for a sample of children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders. The relationship between self-reported social anxiety/stress and salivary cortisol was also examined. Participants interacted with a familiar peer on one occasion and an…
Descriptors: Autism, Familiarity, Correlation, Anxiety
