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Showing 2,131 to 2,145 of 2,932 results
Peer reviewedAman, Michael G.; Langworthy, Kristen S. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2000
A review of 41 studies on pharmacological treatments for children with autism and pervasive personality disorder not otherwise specified, found empirical evidence for significant reductions in hyperactive symptoms was strongest for the antipsychotics, psychostimulants, and naltrexone. A theoretical model is proposed for using attentional…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Disorders, Attention Span, Children, Drug Therapy
Peer reviewedNicolson, Rob; Castellanos, F. Xavier – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2000
This commentary discusses the use of pharmacological treatments to reduce over activity and hyperactivity in children with autism. While it concedes that some medications, particularly antipsychotics, can effectively reduce over activity, it cautions that the effects of psychotropic medications on inattention remain poorly defined and stresses the…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Disorders, Attention Span, Children, Drug Therapy
Peer reviewedPage, Theodore – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2000
This review evaluates evidence for metabolic etiologies in autism spectrum disorders, as well as for the efficacy of dietary and vitamin treatments. The relationship between gastrointestinal abnormalities and autism spectrum disorders is also considered, and the need for more research on larger populations of individuals with autism is stressed.…
Descriptors: Adults, Autism, Children, Enzymes
Peer reviewedJohnston, Michael V. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2000
To illustrate the possible relationships between metabolic disorders and autism, this commentary reviews findings from studies on the characteristics of individuals with Rett syndrome that indicate the genetic mechanism of transcriptional dysregulation can produce pathologic phenotypes which resemble metabolic disorders that stunt axonodendritic…
Descriptors: Adults, Autism, Children, Enzymes
Peer reviewedGupta, Sudhir – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2000
This article discusses research findings that indicate immunological abnormalities in children with autism, including the dysregulation of the immune system, and concludes that there are sufficient data to suggest a role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of autism. Various biological therapies are analyzed, including intravenous…
Descriptors: Adults, Autism, Children, Etiology
Peer reviewedZimmerman, Andrew W. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2000
This commentary on research findings that indicate immunological abnormalities in children with autism, discusses the lack of evidence indicating autoantibodies specifically affect the vulnerable neuronal networks or synaptic functions of individuals with autism to account for the cognitive and behavioral symptoms of the disorder. (Contains…
Descriptors: Adults, Autism, Children, Etiology
Peer reviewedTuchman, Roberto – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2000
The treatment of seizure disorders and EEG epileptiform abnormalities without epilepsy in children with autism spectrum disorders in considered within the context of the relationship epilepsy and epileptiform disorders to language, behavior, and cognition. The use of anticonvulsants to treat epileptiform discharges thought to be producing…
Descriptors: Autism, Children, Drug Therapy, Epilepsy
Peer reviewedKanner, Andres M. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2000
This commentary reviews studies of children with Landau-Kleffner Syndrome (LKS) and autistic regression (AR) and concludes that they are two distinct entities with different epileptic profiles and that the treatment modalities used in LKS cannot be expected to yield a therapeutic effect in AR. Multiple Subpial Transection is discussed. (Contains…
Descriptors: Autism, Children, Epilepsy, Individual Characteristics
Peer reviewedMcClelland, James L. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2000
This article discusses representation of information in neural networks and the apparent hyperspecificity that is often seen in the application of previously acquired information by children with autism. Hyperspecificity is seen as reflecting a possible feature of the neural codes used to represent concepts in the autistic brain. (Contains 12…
Descriptors: Autism, Children, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes
Peer reviewedGordon, Barry – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2000
This article discusses the use of a neural systems perspective to explain some of the behavioral impairments in autism and why some methods work the way they do. It suggests some optimal or even new ways of improving the behavioral treatment of autism and coupling it with other treatment methods. (Contains references.) (Author/CR)
Descriptors: Autism, Behavior Modification, Children, Cognitive Processes
Peer reviewedChez, Michael G.; Buchanan, Cathleen P.; Bagan, Bradley T.; Hammer, Michael S.; McCarthy, Karla S.; Ovrutskaya, Irina; Nowinski, Carlynn V.; Cohen, Zamia S. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2000
Fifty-six children with either autism or pervasive developmental disorders not otherwise specified received one injection of secretin, a gastrointestinal hormone. Re-evaluation 3-6 weeks later found minimal but potentially significant improvements, including changes in gastrointestinal symptoms, expressive and/or receptive language function, and…
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Children, Developmental Disabilities, Drug Therapy
Peer reviewedRimland, Bernard – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2000
This response to Chez et al. (EC 625 006) suggests that the data provided by their study of the gastrointestinal hormone secretin in the treatment of autism do not support the negative conclusions reported. It identifies methodological problems that biased the results toward a negative outcome and concludes that secretin appears to be a safe and…
Descriptors: Autism, Drug Therapy, Outcomes of Treatment, Research Methodology
Peer reviewedChez, Michael G.; Buchanan, Cathleen P. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2000
The authors of a study (EC 625 006) of the clinical effects of the hormone secretin on autism respond to critical comments (EC 625 007) by defending their conclusion that secretin offers no observable clinical improvement in children with autism, their choice of methodology, and use of the Childhood Autism Rating Scales. (Contains references.) (DB)
Descriptors: Autism, Drug Therapy, Outcomes of Treatment, Rating Scales
Peer reviewedArnold, L. Eugene; Aman, Michael G.; Martin, Andres; Collier-Crespin, Angie; Vitiello, Benedetto; Tierney, Elaine; Asarnow, Robert; Bell-Bradshaw, Felicia; Freeman, Betty Jo; Gates-Ulanet, Patricia; Klin, Ami; McCracken, James T.; McDougle, Christopher J.; McGough, James J.; Posey, David J.; Scahill, Lawrence; Swiezy, Naomi B.; Ritz, Louise; Volkmar, Fred – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2000
This paper explains how the Autism Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology (RUPP Autism Network) resolved common assessment problems including communication problems compromising use of the patient as informant, broad subject heterogeneity, difficulties in assessing low-end IQs, scarcity of autism-adapted cognitive and neuropsychological…
Descriptors: Autism, Clinical Diagnosis, Evaluation Methods, Pediatrics
Peer reviewedDavidovitch, Michael; Glick, Lilach; Holtzman, Gabriela; Tirosh, Emanuel; Safir, Marilyn P. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2000
This study interviewed 39 mothers of young children with autism of whom 19 reported their children had experienced developmental regression, especially in verbal and non-verbal communication and social skills. Mean age of regression was 24 months. There was little difference between children who regressed and those who did not in maternal…
Descriptors: Autism, Child Development, Infants, Interpersonal Competence
