Paper examines impact of a six-month social norms marketing intervention designed to reduce alcohol use among students attending a small, private university. Results indicate that little change in student alcohol use or perception of drinking norms occurred following the intervention. Gender effect was noted in the analysis with female students…

Study examined relationships among self-reported stress, drinking related problems (socio-emotional, community-related), and gender, with three distinct drinking contexts (convivial, intimate, negative coping). Results support the relationship between stress and excessive drinking across all three contexts, but also show stress and self-reported…

Examines the relationship between gender, athletic participation, alcohol expectancies, and alcohol use in a sample of adolescents. No significant difference was found between negative consequences reported by athletes and non-athletes, or males and females. A significant difference was found between levels of negative consequence drinking and…

Examines the effects of linguistic acculturation (language spoken with friends and parents) and gender on alcohol use among Hispanic adolescents. Results reveal that a greater proportion of bilingual adolescents engaged in drinking than more acculturated adolescents. Within gender, these relationships were found only for boys. Suggests that…

Study seeks to determine if ethnic and gender differences in polydrug use exist among a cohort of inner-city adolescents during the three-year middle school period (N=2,354). Results of self-report questionnaires reveal that Asian and Black adolescents generally reported less polydrug use than White and Hispanic youth, and that boys engaged in…

Survey examines gender differences in sexual practices and beliefs about condom use among rural injecting drug users admitted to treatment programs. Results indicate that Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome knowledge was extremely limited for both males and females in this sample, suggesting that basic HIV/AIDS…

Surveys employees (N=4,979) of an Australian state railway to determine self-reported employee alcohol use and the influence of work-related risk factors on this use. Examination of risk factors previously associated with work-related problem drinking showed that gender, nights away from home for work, job satisfaction, and availability of alcohol…

Data collected over two years from two consecutive samples of young persons who were cited their first time for breaking university drinking rules were examined to covalidate the relationship among risky sexual beliefs and behaviors, and problem drinking. Results indicate a significant relationship among risky sexual beliefs, behaviors, and…

Students' drinking, gender stereotypes, and alcohol expectancies were examined in relation to three living arrangements: living either at home, on-campus, or independently. The results highlight the importance of gender stereotypes and living arrangements as influences on drinking behavior and sex differences within the student population. (EMK)

Examined the relationship between depressive feelings and cigarette smoking in Mexican-American adolescents who participated in the 1993 Teenage Attitudes and Practices Survey II. Results suggest a relationship between certain feelings of depression and smoking, beyond that experienced by nonsmokers, which may be more evident in females.…

Substance-abuse-counselor supervisors (N=72) were surveyed on two measures to determine their perceptions of their supervisory style. Overall, they considered themselves as focusing on a collegial and relationship-oriented supervisory style. Although no sex differences were found, significant age and education-level differences were evident. (EMK)

Using a street sample (N=553), studied gender differences associated with depression and multiple drug use (alcohol, marijuana, cocaine) among African-Americans in a high-risk community. Two-way factorial analysis of variance and follow-up tests yielded higher depression scores for women than for men among all levels of drug use, especially when…

Investigated gender differences in the motivation for alcohol use in a sample of 240 Nigerian undergraduates, ranging in age from 17-24 years. Males were more likely to drink for psychological and social reasons than females. Females, however, were more likely than males to drink only at parties. (RJM)

Examines the relationship between level of alcohol consumption and self-esteem for college males and females. Study of 130 males and 130 females at a major state university indicates that this relationship was moderated by gender, with females at greater risk for low self-esteem associated with heavy alcohol consumption. (RJM)

Developed a cognitive mapping technique to investigate psychological propensities that increase one's risk for substance abuse. Male and female frequent users (N=400) and nonusers (N=400) were sampled and gender differences in substance abuse were examined. Results indicate that men show greater vulnerability, overall, to substance abuse than do…