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50 Years of ERIC
50 Years of ERIC
The Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) is celebrating its 50th Birthday! First opened on May 15th, 1964 ERIC continues the long tradition of ongoing innovation and enhancement.

Learn more about the history of ERIC here. PDF icon

Showing all 8 results
Reframing: A Therapeutic Technique in Group Counseling.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Clark, Arthur J. – Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 1998
Reframing is a therapeutic technique that assists individuals in broadening restricted perspectives. Its theoretical underpinnings are clarified in terms of systemic and solution-focused therapies, and Social Constructivism. Application of reframing technique in group counseling is discussed in terms of when to use, how to formulate, and…
Descriptors: Constructivism (Learning), Counseling, Counseling Techniques, Counselor Training
Projective Identification as a Defense Mechanism in Group Counseling and Therapy.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Clark, Arthur J. – Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 1997
Examines theoretical aspects of projective identification and suggests procedures for processing projective identification in group counseling and therapy. Discusses projective identification and related defense mechanisms, systems and boundaries, and scapegoating. Some of the stages in processing projective identification include the relationship…
Descriptors: Client Attitudes (Human Services), Coping, Counseling Theories, Counselor Client Relationship
Questions in Group Counseling.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Clark, Arthur J. – Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 1989
Claims member questions promote or impede progress in counseling groups. Contends that counselors may process inquiries more effectively when they are aware of productive qualities and patterns of questions. Concludes that questions provide a versatile intervention when applied effectively in group counseling. (Author/ABL)
Descriptors: Counseling Techniques, Group Counseling, Group Dynamics, Groups
Group Counseling for Ridiculed Children.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Clark, Arthur J.; Seals, James M. – Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 1984
Describes the effectiveness of group counseling for ridiculed children based on Adlerian principles. Outlines three phases of group process: the relationship process, reorientation phase, and accomplishment phase, and provides a case illustration. (JAC)
Descriptors: Children, Counseling Effectiveness, Counseling Techniques, Elementary Secondary Education
Interpretation in Group Counseling: Theoretical and Operational Issues.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Clark, Arthur J. – Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 1993
Examines theoretical and practical considerations for interpretation in group counseling. Application issues discussed include interpretation process, providers, recipients, content, depth, timing, and form. Explores theoretical issues and clarifies operational considerations for effective utilization of interpretation in group counseling.…
Descriptors: Counseling Techniques, Counseling Theories, Counselor Qualifications, Counselor Role
Modification: A Leader Skill in Group Work.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Clark, Arthur J. – Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 1995
Modification mitigates negative feedback by immediately attempting to improve the feedback's level of acceptability. This article introduces modification as a group-leader skill necessary for the processing of messages containing both counterproductive and productive elements. Describes the value and application of modification in group work. (RJM)
Descriptors: Communication Skills, Counseling Techniques, Feedback, Group Counseling
Moral Development: A Factor in the Group Counseling Process.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Clark, Arthur J.; Dobson, Judith E. – Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 1980
Presents a synopsis of moral development stages and the rationale for considering the significance of moral stages in group member selection. Moral growth should be facilitated during the productive phase of group process in which members deal with their differences, rather than ignore them. (Author/BEF)
Descriptors: Developmental Stages, Group Counseling, Group Membership, Individual Development
Defense Mechanisms in Group Counseling.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Clark, Arthur J. – Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 1992
Presents considerations and strategies for conceptualizing, recognizing, and modifying defense mechanisms through the group counseling process. Provides awareness of defense mechanisms in planning for and implementation of group counseling, describes interaction patterns for identifying defenses among group participants, and clarifies modification…
Descriptors: Counseling Techniques, Defense Mechanisms, Group Counseling