Faced with a chronic shortage of single-subject mathematics teachers and a directive from the federal legislation "No Child Left Behind" that all students are taught by highly qualified teachers, California instituted a new subject-matter competency exam, the California Subject Exam for Teachers for Mathematics (CSET), and created a new Single-Subject Credential in Foundational-Level Mathematics. An initial investigation indicates that many teacher candidates who have passed the CSET and have entered single-subject mathematics credential programs have taken few university-level mathematics classes, which raises the question of whether they have the appropriate mathematical content knowledge to teach secondary mathematics. (Contains 4 tables.)