Historians need social theories to conduct their research whether they are acknowledged or not. Positivist social theories underpinned the professionalization of the writing of history as well as the establishment of the social sciences as "disciplines," in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. August Comte's "science of society" and…

This article focuses on how public schools have functioned in the ideological production of race in America and their critical role in shaping the way Americans understand specific definitions of race as well as the muted rules of racial etiquette. The author analyzes American schools as racializing institutions, that is institutions with the…

This article contributes to one's historical understanding of student experience in general, and more particularly, to one's understanding of developing cross-group relationships within desegregated schools over the second half of the twentieth century. The article draws from a broader study that examines students' evolving relationships within a…

The educational history of Upper Canada is commonly written as the succession of an elite group of educational reformers who advocated a centralized system of mass schooling. However, the recent shift in research on Upper Canada away from the narrative of prominent individuals who controlled the social, political, and economic development of the…

Explains that in the United States, child-centered progressivism was part of a larger humanitarian movement led by the northern middle classes in the antebellum and postbellum periods. States that games, stories, play time and informal learning experiences became part of a broader educational discourse due to the writings of Johann Pestalozzi and…

States that the mobilization of Bavarian schoolteachers in 1848 indicates a high degree of politicization prior to the outbreak of revolution in the German state. Explains that teachers demanded professional recognition, better teacher education, freedom from subordination to clerics, improved pay, higher social status, and a greater national…

Focuses on the parochial education of Polish-Americans from 1870-1940, addressing staffing and curriculum issues. Includes information on topics such as the issue of ethnicity, textbooks used in the curriculum, development of sisterhoods, postwar religions, ethnicity, and nuns in the 1930s. (CMK)

Examines the religious, political, and socio-economic traditions in the United States that help foster a culture of violence against children. Finds that Judeo-Christian religious beliefs are used to justify corporal punishment; political practice favors family privacy; limited government; and a separation between the public and private spheres.…

Offers an historical analysis of schooling patterns in the Tullylish (Ireland) parish between 1860-1900 to provide understanding of the social forces that promoted denominationalism. Concludes that terms of religious tolerance were constructed by Protestant elites perpetuating Protestant privilege and excluding Catholics from full participation in…

Examines the relationship between state and inspectorate in Wales by tracing the history of Harry Longueville Jones, the first Her Majesty's Inspectorate (HMI) of Church schools. Considers how he tried to shape an educational system suitable for the needs of Welsh communities. Includes a historical description of Wales. (CMK)

Addresses "the retardation problem," over-aged students retained in a grade because of failure to make "normal" annual progress. Concentrates on how influences in the 1940s in South Australia refocused attentions on over-aged students changing the substance of educational debate regarding their classroom presence and the statistical…

Addresses the change from the system of workshop apprenticeship to that of industrial training, pioneered in 1878 by the Baldwin Locomotive Works and the Spring Garden Institute, that eventually spread to the public school system in Philadelphia (Pennsylvania). (CMK)

Analyzes the educational problems and opportunities facing Hertfordshire (England) and the Anglican Diocese of St. Albans. Argues that the anxieties and aspirations of parishes and dioceses within the Church of England influenced the pace and nature of educational developments. Considers the involvement of Bishop Michael Bolton Furse. (CMK)

Summarizes the crises and calls for change from 1981-1988 within the Detroit (Michigan) school system that led to the creation of the HOPE (Hayden, Olmstead, and Patrick for Education) coalition. Discusses the years the HOPE coalition headed the school board and the reasons for its failure. Addresses the implications for other cities. (CMK)

Examines the implications of the Moravians' emphasis on children in their Indian missions and suggests that the Moravians' interests converged with the concerns of Indians about the fate of their own children. Focuses on the history of the missions in the Susquehanna and Ohio valleys between 1765 and 1782. (CMK)