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50 Years of ERIC
50 Years of ERIC
The Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) is celebrating its 50th Birthday! First opened on May 15th, 1964 ERIC continues the long tradition of ongoing innovation and enhancement.

Learn more about the history of ERIC here. PDF icon

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The English Miss, German "Fräulein" and French "Mademoiselle": Foreign Governesses and National Stereotyping in Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Europe
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Bayley, Susan N. – History of Education, 2014
In nineteenth-and early twentieth-century Europe, the age of the governess coincided with the age of nationalism. This paper explores the connection between them in the specific context of intercultural education by foreign governesses. It argues that nationalism, with its focus on the identification and projection of a distinct national…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Educational History, Multicultural Education, Stereotypes
'Life is Too Short to Learn German': Modern Languages in English Elementary Education, 1872-1904.
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Bayley, Susan N. – History of Education, 1989
Offers an account of the teaching of French and German in English elementary schools between 1872 and 1904. Argues that French and German became established in the curriculum during this period. Examines the decline of modern language study at the elementary level relative to the Board of Education's policy. (KO)
Descriptors: Board of Education Policy, Curriculum Design, Educational History, Educational Policy
Gender, Modern Languages, and the Curriculum in Victorian England.
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Bayley, Susan N.; Ronish, Donna Yavorsky – History of Education, 1992
Reviews trends in second-language instruction in England during the late 1800s. Maintains that classical languages were considered "boy's subjects," whereas modern languages were taught to girls. Asserts that educational reform of both all education resulted in the redefinition of modern languages as curricular subjects. (CFR)
Descriptors: Classical Languages, Curriculum Design, Educational Change, Educational History