Within a 20-year period from the late 1850s to the late 1870s, most European countries created programmes in response to what appeared as a new social problem: unwed daughters of the middle classes in need of jobs. Taking off from the 150th anniversary of the English Society for Promoting the Employment of Women, this paper examines the diffusion…

British support for Italian unification in the nineteenth century is well known but little research exists on continued British involvement with Italy after 1860. One of the most remarkable figures of this era was Julie Schwabe, who launched a one-woman campaign to raise funds to establish schools in Naples. Her first institution closed because of…

Focuses on British notions of U.S. coeducation, generally, and U.S. women's colleges, specifically. Examines topics such as coeducation in the era of the School Inquiry Commission, coeducation in the era of the James Bryce Commission, and English views of U.S. women's colleges. (CMK)

Reviews the rapid feminization of the teaching profession in the latter part of the 19th century in North America and Europe. Identifies by factors such as wage differences between teaching and industrial work and the existence of marriage bans for women teachers. (CFR)