Many of the central ideas in an introductory undergraduate linear algebra course are closely tied to a set of interpretations of the matrix equation Ax = b (A is a matrix, x and b are vectors): linear combination interpretations, systems interpretations, and transformation interpretations. We consider graphic and symbolic representations for each,…

In his "Proofs and Refutations," Lakatos identifies the "Primitive Conjecture" as the first stage in the pattern of mathematical discovery. In this article, I am interested in ways of reaching the "Primitive Conjecture" stage in an undergraduate classroom. I adapted Realistic Mathematics Education methods in an…

To learn means coming to know something new at the end of, or subsequent to, a (learning) process. Because students do not yet know at the beginning of the process what they will know subsequent to the process, they cannot actively orient towards the object of learning. In this article, I propose a phenomenological perspective that theorizes…

The purpose of this paper is to reclaim the place of specific examples. It is argued that a plausible step in experiencing the general is to start with a certain general process that can be applied to an already known and specific-for-the-learner object; the specific object is supposed to be there to be treated as a non-specific, particular…

Video recordings of instruction have been a mainstay for supporting conversations about teaching by representing particularities of instruction and by presenting the viewer with a multitude of details for interpretation. In this essay, we contrast non-fictional videotapes of actual classroom interaction with fictional animations of classroom…

The algebraic expertise that mathematics education is aiming for includes both procedural skills and conceptual understanding. To capture the latter, notions such as symbol sense, gestalt view and visual salience have been developed. We wonder if digital activities can be designed that not only require procedural algebraic skills, but also invite…

The mathematical curriculum of the next millennium should harness children's motivation without losing their mathematics. Envisages that the computer might offer just the context to help do this. Presents snapshots from two case studies. (Contains 18 references.) (ASK)

Interviews students majoring in mathematics who had passed a required introductory course on algebraic structures on students' difficulties with basic concepts in group theory as part of a research project. Reports data concerning cyclic groups. (ASK)

Examines how components of the concept of function (variable, domain, and range) and the process-object duality in its nature emerge as highly relevant to student learning in various mathematical contexts related to linear and abstract algebra. (Contains 22 references.) (ASK)

Argues for the use of multiple approaches to instruction as a way to encourage students to be active critics instead of passive recipients. Presents six classroom scenes in historical sequence that review both the mathematical story and the art of teaching. (DDR)

Provides details of a study on mathematics learning that applies Bruner's concept of format of interaction which is employed in language acquisition theory and in understanding mathematical augmentation. Describes the interactions among tutors, students, and their linear algebra text. (DDR)

Observations focusing on classroom discourse, uses of graphing calculators, nature of instructional tasks, and instructor-questioning patterns in a high school algebra course found that the teacher modified his teaching strategies and curriculum to accommodate the teaching strategies and topics that arose from the use of the graphing calculator.…

This study concerned conceptual difficulties of college students learning programming and ways the teacher can simplify the process. An analysis of general strategies used in solving problems involving loops is given, with four types of hierarchical strategy categorized. Students had difficulty transforming their algebraic descriptions into…

A major component of student difficulty with algebra is the inability to make sense of the algebra symbol system as a language. Accordingly, remedies should be sought by considering algebra in a linguistic sense. (PK)

Trends in computer programing language design are described and children's difficulties in learning to write programs for mathematics problems are considered. Languages are compared under the headings of imperative programing, functional programing, logic programing, and pictures. (DC)