This study of 6 students with severe disabilities and 12 without disabilities in an inclusive elementary school found that both groups evidenced comparable levels of engaged time in general education classrooms. The quantity of time actually used for instruction was unaffected by the presence of students with severe disabilities. (Author/JDD)

Data from 162 special education teachers and 31 administrators in restrictive placements for students with serious emotional disturbance (SED) found that reintegration orientation, demographic characteristics of restrictive SED programs, and particular experiences/training of special educators predict reintegration rates of SED students into less…

Interviews with 21 parents of children receiving special education resource room services in reading revealed that most parents had strong positive attitudes toward the services, derived primarily from subjective perceptions (such as teachers' caring) rather than academic performance data. Most parents were reluctant to have their children…

This longitudinal follow-up study analyzed postschool outcomes for males and females with learning disabilities, mild mental retardation, and no disabilities. Few significant differences were noted between genders, except for parenting status. There were no differences in employment by disability. Differences between those with and without…

This commentary on a paper by Douglas Fuchs and Lynn Fuchs identifies several rhetorical devices that the paper used to attack the proponents of inclusive education: "create the villain," academic sleight of hand, and "portray oneself as a pragmatist and portray the intellectual opponents as zealots." (JDD)

This counterpoint to a critique of the authors' paper, which argued against full inclusion of students with disabilities, offers evidence of the effectiveness of special education and notes court litigation that has recognized that separate is not always unequal. (JDD)

This special issue of the journal Exceptional Children has the theme "Rural Special Education." Nine articles deal with this theme as follows: (1) "The State of the Art of Rural Special Education" (by D. Helge), looks at recent improvements, remaining challenges, and current functioning; policy recommendations are offered for national and state…

A base rate of deviant behavior was obtained for the eight most disruptive children in a third grade adjustment class. In a token reinforcement program, the children received teacher's ratings, which were exchangeable for reinforcers such as candy and trinkets. With the introduction of the token reinforcement program, an abrupt reduction in…

In order to investigate the effect of kindergarten upon articulation of first grade children, 15,255 first grade children were tested for articulation problems. One-half were tested in 1960 because Seattle had had no kindergarten program in 1959. The other half were tested in 1961 because Seattle reinstituted a kindergarten program in 1960.…

A description of the audiolingual nature of second languages as they are learned by all children introduces this discussion of the suitability of teaching foreign languages to the visually handicapped and the added dimension it would give to life. The role of the language laboratory in learning a foreign language is stressed. An annotated…

This study compared 18 high-ability and average-ability secondary level deaf readers on 5 indicators of cognitive processes used during reading. Results indicated significant differences between groups on measures of fluency. However, intergroup similarities in processes suggest that these components do not determine reading superiority.…

Interviews, classroom observations, teacher reflections, and surveys were used to investigate 12 general education teachers' (elementary through high school) preplanning, interactive planning, and postplanning activities. Elementary teachers did more planning to include the needs of diverse students and collaborated more with special education…

This 1-year study investigated use of isolation timeout as a behavioral control intervention with 156 students with emotional disturbance in a special educational facility. Results indicated that 13,000 separate timeouts occurred over the year. Average time in isolation was 23 hours per student. Older students in more restrictive settings spent…

A longitudinal, 3-year study investigated the participation of African American parents of 24 preschoolers in special education programs in an urban school district. Interviews, observations of conferences, and examination of students' documents were used. Data showed consistent initial efforts by families to support their children's schooling,…

Follow-up at age 9 of 141 children who had participated in either a mediated learning (ML) or direct instruction (DI) early intervention program found no main-effect differences between the 2 groups. Several significant aptitude-by-treatment interactions were found, with initially higher performing children gaining more from DI and initially lower…