A discussion of the role of assessment in teaching focuses on the need to improve assessment in areas other than academic achievement, including the affective results of teacher behavior, student self-evaluation, and diagnosis of learning difficulties. The need for more explicit language for reporting achievement is also noted. (MSE)

After 16 years of transition from dictatorship to democracy, Spain's teacher education system has not changed substantially. The existing model is much criticized, but politics impede the process of change. The proposed new model for preservice training shows little innovation, but some progress is seen in inservice training. (MSE)

The recruitment of students into teacher education programs favors a conservative teacher outlook, and the teacher education curriculum does little to encourage independent thinking. The curriculum should include more theory and research methodology to enable prospective teachers to understand the complexity of education and to more effectively…

A review of literature concerning the attitudes of young Germans toward technology focuses on feelings about both technology itself and technological change, the process of socialization toward technology, and interest in computers. It is concluded that the popular German notion of widespread hostility toward technology is not supported. (MSE)

A British program for multicultural librarian training aims to develop understanding of Europe's cultural and ethnic diversity, historical roots of racism, and political and institutional structures that sustain racist attitudes and practices and to equip librarians to provide services to all patrons in ways not supporting discrimination. (MSE)

Data from German universities suggest that considerable differences in the social composition of the student population by discipline, or group of disciplines, continue to exist, the result of self-selection. Implications are found for gender differences and the role of the academic labor market in students' choice of academic field. (MSE)

During the process of socialization into an academic discipline, the graduate student encounters two kinds of tacit knowledge: that which grows from long experience in the discipline and that generated by the students as they make sense of their graduate study experiences. Both are important and serve as guides for action. (MSE)

The role of the modern language discipline in higher education is examined, focusing on the role linguists play in the general academic culture and the position of the disciplinary culture of languages as performing an integrative function for other disciplinary cultures. (MSE)

The disciplinary hierarchy in which natural sciences take funding priority over the humanities, and the sometimes confrontational debate between academic cultures, are examined. It is concluded that no area of knowledge is more "useful" than another, and attempts to understand the universe must be broad, interactive, and cooperative, not…

Despite variety in the culture of the sciences, certain processes of knowledge construction are common throughout. Examination of how disciplinary identities are produced through rhetoric and how assessments of certainty and uncertainty are made across disciplines suggests that disciplines should not be regarded as fixed structures but as flexible…

The activities of a university are constituted through its disciplinary cultures. The individual disciplines mutually provide environments for one another but are largely autonomous in establishing their internal standards. Therefore, the university is only an institutional realization of its disciplinary parts in particular spatial locations.…

The theory that the rationality characteristic of the intellectual tasks performed by scientists is linked to the ways they organize their professional lives is extended to science teaching. It is proposed that the forms of rationality typical of scientists' thinking may be irrelevant or even invalid in the college classroom. (MSE)

A study of the cultures of academic disciplines within the university suggests that each discipline is not a homogeneous entity but a constantly changing grouping of smaller components, all related to the process of specialization. The commonalities in these subdisciplines could contribute to greater interdisciplinary understanding, and they…

A discussion of post-Communist changes in Rumanian higher education looks at forces and factors promoting rapid expansion and diversification in institutional structure and extensive privatization. Attention is given to how those changes were addressed by legislative and government bodies. (MSE)

A discussion of nonuniversity postsecondary education in Hungary, especially teacher training and postcompulsory secondary education, examines the relationships of labor force development, expansion, and a deteriorating educational system. New approaches to policy development and the emergence of the concept of institutional autonomy are…