The increase in student numbers, resulting adaptation of the curriculum, and changes in the profile of teacher-researchers in France from 1950 to 1980 suggest the need for changes in graduate study in the 1990s, including increased interdisciplinarity, development of discipline-based research centers, and improved industry-university cooperation.…

Implications of the unification of European Community education in 1992 for articulation between secondary and higher education and between higher education and non-university sectors are discussed, placing emphasis on the need to find a balance between competition and collaboration. (MSE)

Concern about the impact of the completion of the European Single Market in 1992 on patterns of cooperation between member and non-member countries is expressed, and it is cautioned that member institutions must not ignore opportunities for cooperation inside or outside the European Community, particularly with developing nations. (MSE)

A model for general education in the four-year university curriculum is proposed. The model, based on the Dutch experience, concentrates general education in the first year and provides a gradual transition to intensive study within the disciplines. Implications for the faculty and instruction are discussed. (MSE)

With the establishment of the internal market in the European Community, the member nations' national laws will be inadequate and members will be increasingly affected by Community and other nations' laws. This will require substantial changes in legal education, legal faculty, and the exchange of legal information between countries. (MSE)

Changes in engineering education due to the unification of the European Community are discussed from three perspectives: legal, academic, and industrial-technological. The problem is examined in the context of long-term Community objectives. Specific recommendations are made. The situations of the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Spain are…

Current activities in many sectors of the European Community will affect the future of medical education in Europe, deriving from both technological development and social change. Action is needed on levels of the Community, each nation, the medical profession, and individual institutions to promote articulation and maintain standards. (MSE)

A summary of issues in higher education emerging from the unification of the European Community makes recommendations relating to information and analysis needs, students, curricula, research, faculty, and links outside the Community. (MSE)

Western Europe's demand for quality higher education at lower cost is discussed. It is argued that the criteria for quality are determined by external interests, including governments looking for economic development through an improved labor market. The situations in Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom are considered.…

A discussion of Dutch higher vocational education (HVE) looks at the place of HVE in the overall postsecondary system, its system of governance, its role in the reorganization of higher education, and efforts at innovation. Part-time programs are seen as a likely way to serve needs and cut costs. (MSE)

Recent trends in Finnish higher education are examined, from the formulation of national policy since the 1980s to recent experiments in financing and accountability, efforts at promoting efficiency, and the conflict between traditional academic collegiality and imposition of government decision making. (MSE)

This paper argues that the quality evaluation trend in European higher education reflects the state's effort to gain greater control over higher education. First, performance indicators are imposed, and then this technical form of evaluation is used to steer the higher education system toward the labor market. (MSE)

A study of the current program evaluation system in Dutch higher education consisted of a survey of institutions concerning their quality control and enhancement activities and 12 case studies of the experiences of universities and vocational institutions while conducting required self-evaluations and undergoing external evaluation. (MSE)

The absence, until very recently, of widespread debate on policy concerning quality assurance in German higher education is attributed to the fact that, historically, German education has been highly standardized and those standards were presumed to persist even with mass higher education. Current expansion and economic crises have stimulated…

The variety of ways in which agencies of the state influence the British university curriculum, and in some cases extra-curricular activity, is examined. These sources of influence include expansion, structural changes resulting from retrenchment, promotion of market values, intervention in professional education, quality control, and research…