Five models commonly used to analyze change in the Swedish higher education system are described, and a sixth model related more to public administration than to education is proposed. The public administration model approaches higher education as a system of institutions interrelated by an authority structure, a relationship not fully considered…

Decline in research emphasis in universities is tied to a number of factors: defensive apathy in the university scientific community; weakening links between teaching and research; declining enrollments; problems in interdisciplinary work; employment stability and aging faculty, obsolete equipment, support staff reduction, and growing bureaucracy.…

Problems posed by university research are approached by looking at: traditional concepts of university research; trends in current university development in Europe; consequences of these trends and threats to the university; possible research policy; and university responsibility in carrying out research policy. (MSE)

The application of a theory combining research and teaching is examined as it has been applied in Poland, considering practical experience, policy issues, research funding, traditional university structure and attitudes, and administrative innovations such as the research institute. (MSE)

The conceptual relationship of science policy and educational policy is examined and charted, and various models of this relationship are categorized. Policy goals are considered: national prestige, economic modernization, stabilization of economic development, socioecology, education consumer-hedonism, and external scientific development. (MSE)

State support for university research in 15 European countries is outlined, and recent trends analyzed. A demoralization in the European university research community is noted, and the need for stability of research funding is emphasized. (MSE)

Cultural context is examined to explain teacher response to attempts to socialize them to a new primary curriculum in recent years. It is recommended that future research on educational innovation concern itself with such issues in addition to the usual concern for academic consequences of change. (MSE)

An analysis of advisory councils in France's centralized system also proposes a framework for such councils in policy formation in other countries. The analysis looks at the main features of such groups, how they are placed within the system, and what may be learned from the French experience. (MSE)

There has long been a connection, it is suggested, between formal education and the technologies of production, distribution, and communication. There should be nothing alarming in recognizing a technological/educational linkage. The contacts, instrumentation, and resources of lifelong education in a microelectronic tomorrow will transform all…

The extent to which enrollment rates are a good indicator of the extension of schooling in Italy is examined. These rates suggest that there has been a transition from elite to mass secondary education. The search for differences according to sex, social class, and regional variables is discussed. (MLW)

Some considerations that educators must take into account when planning educational programs for older persons who are about to retire or who have retired are described. A number of programs currently offered in some European countries (including the Universities of the Third Age) are presented. (Author/MLW)

The relationship between education and the labor market, with a focus on the technical side and on the economic connection, is investigated. A potential role of educational planning for smoothing out market imperfections and thus preventing the emergence of social problems relating to the education-work relationship is discussed. (MLW)

The problem of overqualification is related to the educational aspirations in a comparative cross-national study using data collected in opinion surveys in four European countries (Finland, France, Federal Republic of Germany, and Poland) and the United States. (JMF)

The Swedish 25/5-rule for eligibility in higher education allows adults over 25 with at least five years' work experience to enter certain parts of the higher education system. The background, objectives, enrollment trends, student motivation, and comparison with traditional students are discussed. (JMF)

Case studies concerning the impact of the "traditional sector" of higher education and "nonformal" education upon regional development are presented. The interplay between education and regional developments, effects of education on aspects of cultural and social mobilization, and problems of control that result from regionalization of education…