This paper presents a broad statistical picture of trends in Ireland during 1981-91 and the results of the first comprehensive survey of the career patterns of two cohorts of doctoral graduates and professional engineers who graduated during the 1980s. It argues that higher education expansion has not been matched by demand for graduates in the…

This article examines the Finnish recession and its impacts including changing demand for qualifications in the labor market and the need for new strategies, for both individuals and organizations, for the transition from education to work. (JB)

This article discusses events that have led to recognition of the need for enhanced human rights education; describes aims and projects of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, and the Conference for Security and Cooperation in Europe; notes establishment of the European Centre for Human Rights Education; and examines possible Nordic…

The imperatives and complexities of introducing human rights principles at primary and secondary school levels in postcommunist societies are presented, focusing on presentation of concepts of individualism, democracy, and human rights in textbooks; teaching practices that reinforce learner-centered approaches; and consideration of a national…

This paper reviews national and cultural traditions that inform human rights consciousness in Slovakia and examines the role of constitutionalism in human rights protection and education on human rights. A prospering civil society is possible only in the context of a well-functioning civil state, making education in human rights and…

Teaching the rules of war to human rights practitioners calls for emphasis on not taking sides; applying existing law rather than inventing standards for the occasion; applying the Geneva Conventions; recognizing that ends do not justify means; determining legitimate military targets; and realizing that "good guys" should be held to the same…

To make European higher education systems compatible, several systems of certification are being considered, including the German model of final certification, the English model of accumulative certification, the American "add-on" model, and the French model, which extends the "add-on" model. The influence of business and students in limiting…

This paper contends that former Eastern bloc countries, which have rejected centralized, authoritarian political systems, are emulating a United Kingdom school development model which itself is authoritarian, centralized, and coercive. The paper characterizes that authoritarianism and suggests an alternative educational model of centralized…

Two explanations are given from a social perspective for disappointments in use of educational technology: lack of full consideration of the social context and nature of education, and teachers' resistance to technological advancement. It is hoped that such technology is soon extended to the social sciences. (MSE)

Economic and social factors such as budgets, availability, and current fashion can cause both manufacturers and users of instructional technology to make irrational choices about use of audiovisual media. Common circumstances surrounding both rational and irrational selections are outlined and discussed. (MSE)

Advancements in educational testing, especially in the computerized construction of tests from item banks, are outlined and explained. It is suggested that these methods open the door to more individualized and more formative type of testing. (MSE)

The potential role of games and simulation in science teaching is explained, and some exercises are described. The possible future role of the microcomputer and its use with simulation in distance learning are explored. (MSE)

An experimental external degree program in a French university with 9,000 students has been designed to officially ignore nonattendance at lectures. The success of this policy and faculty attitudes toward and adjustments to it are explored. (MSE)

A federation was established among several of France's Centers for University Teaching through Broadcasting to pool resources and activities to better serve external degree students. The administrative organization and activities of the group are outlined. (MSE)

A system for computer-assisted analysis and assignment of tasks designed for use in administering distance learning programs is also proposed as a model project of research into computer science in education. The aims, design, and initial application of the program are outlined. (MSE)