Recent changes in the placement of teacher education within the structure of higher education in European countries, a result of reform movements, will have as its largest impact changes in the profession of teaching. The more qualified the teachers, the more they will behave like independent professionals. (MSE)

Several trends are evident in international educational cooperation in Europe: a desire for practical rather than perfunctory cooperation, and structures to facilitate it; the need to make optimum use of existing resources; and the grass-roots realization that educational cooperation can help meet specialized academic objectives. (Author/MSE)

Manpower and organizational problems are seen as the primary obstacles to progress in educational research in Spain. Lack of interest or demand for research results is also suggested as a serious problem. It is proposed that in Spain and in other countries educational research is a luxury maintained primarily for appearances. (MSE)

A paper prepared by a committee of EURYDICE, the Educational Information Network in the European Community, is presented. The impact of demographic change on the future development of European societies, including the development of national economies, the labor market, and the whole social system are discussed. (Author/MLW)

Educational demography and its economic and social implications in Switzerland are examined from four angles: the factors shaping variations in the numbers of grade 10 gymnasium pupils; foreign children in the education system; the economic and social aspects of public expenditure on education; and changes in the university student population.…

The implications of demographic trends for the system of higher education in Spain are assessed. Also discussed are the peculiarities of population trends in Spain compared with other European countries, and the formulation of future projections of enrollment, and the relative importance of demographic factors. (Author/MLW)

The impact of demographic developments upon higher education is discussed, including the educational policy planning issue of how to meet cyclical developments in student enrollment. The teacher market in general and the faculty market in particular are described. (Author/MLW)

Present economic difficulties in Sweden, it is suggested, pose a threat to educational policy for which demographic development could otherwise offer alternatives aimed primarily at promoting qualitative progress. The present demographic situation is dominated by changes in three dimensions: the size of its younger age groups, internal migration,…

The number of full-time students in higher education in Britain (lower than expected) is examined. The decline in the age participation rate is seen, in part, as a reflection of disillusionment among parents, young people, and politicians over the benefits of higher education both to the individual and to society. (Author/MLW)

The effect of a sharp fall in the birth rate on German universities and the need to identify new target student groups are considered. The implementation of extended education and three matters of significance in promoting it (prospective audience, organization, and use of appropriate distance-study materials) are discussed. (Author/MLW)

Major reforms in Swedish higher education contained a number of distinct ideas whose status among Swedish academics are evaluated in a national survey. These ideas comprise an emphasis on: integration, increased geographical distribution, egalitarian values, teaching and undergraduate training, and interdisciplinary, relevant, and applied…

Many of our models of the university espouse a monolithic concept of autonomy. The Kantian model, based on specific realms of state intervention and nonintervention, should be explored more thoroughly because it allows for intervention while maintaining some notion of autonomy. (Author/MSE)

As a result of social, political, and economic influences (primarily the student movement and budgetary constraints in recent years), West Germany's government has been forced to repeal much of the traditional principle of separation between university and state, and a dangerous trend of formalized administrative participation in higher education…

The relationship of the state and higher education, particularly in relation to the role of science education, is outlined throughout Austrian history. Conservative postwar reconstruction, expansion of access to higher education, and student participation in administration are traced, and criticisms of the present government-academic balance are…

In the Netherlands, freedom of research and teaching are self-evident, but equally self-evident are the government limits set on this freedom through legislation, regulations, and financial constraints imposed. Having begun as restrained advice, government influence has become active control in current circumstances. Mutual survival is now the…