Since the early 1970s, the National Union of Teachers in England has been losing its strong influence over educational policy because national government is becoming more aggressive in policy formation and citizens' groups are demanding consideration of their views. (Author/AV)

Teacher involvement in policy formation in West Germany is limited, although it is officially encouraged. This is largely due to division of German schools into levels of prestige and difficulty, and division of German teachers into levels of status and salary related to their teaching levels. Teachers at different levels favor different policies.…

Characterizes membership and policy-making role of the largest teachers' organization in France, the Federation de l'Education Nationale. It represents 44 specialized educational unions. It supports the socialist party but has identified itself with the traditional way of administering education in France. (Author/AV)

Reports on procedures of teacher preparation for experimental lifelong education programs developed in Germany, Singapore, Hungary, Australia, and India. The programs were part of a research project employing principles of lifelong education including (1) horizontal integration of formal, nonformal, and informal learning, and (2) democratization…

Describes differing standards of education in Sweden based on age, region of the country, income group, and immigrant or handicapped status. Efforts to reform the discrepancies include folk high schools, correspondance schools, education on radio and TV, state and local government adult education, labor market training, and trade union training.…

Three Dutch bodies promote international contacts between universities. Netherlands Universities Council is responsible for international contacts in higher education and research. Netherlands Universities Foundation for International Cooperation focuses on development aid and postgraduate education for foreigners in the Netherlands. The Rectors'…

Examines educational trends and economic change in Swedish secondary schools since 1960. Topics discussed include job structure, labor needs, labor organizations, curriculum reform, objectives of the nine-year basic school, aptitude and achievement, vocational versus academic courses, and instructional innovation. (Author/DB)

One of a four-issue series on educational reform and the world of work in Europe, this issue discusses educational planning and secondary school reform in Italy. Topics discussed include planning and research in vocational-technical education, and the relation between acquisition of specific skills and scientific and technical progress. (Author/DB)

This short, two-page editorial discusses the relationship of formal education to the world of work--unemployment of college graduates, investment in attending college, and special college programs. (ND)

Participation in West Germany's school system is discussed in the following topics: new legislation, democracy, decentralization, administrative reform and participation, reception of school laws by public, and legislative tendencies. (ND)

The Swedish system of higher education is discussed in two reports. The first covers basic principles of governance and organization, and general problems of higher-educational planning. The second is about planning and management at regional and central levels. (Author/ND)

Summarizes the recommendations contained in the 1974 report by Sweden's State Commission on Sex Education about the scale, content, objectives, and improvement of sex education in the school. (ND)

The Nordic Council of Ministers reports on the cultural cooperation of the Nordic countries--Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden--in the areas of education, research, and general cultural work. Report includes general plans and guidelines for education, and it describes some important projects for collaboration. (Author/ND)

In light of the vast and continuing expansion of knowledge in almost every field, the western European Ministers of Education recommend a policy of lifelong educational programs. (DE)

The educational history and curriculum of England's new universities are described. (DE)