Focuses on the direct and indirect ways in which the elitist tradition in the English education system has discriminated against students from working class backgrounds. Concludes that mass higher education cannot be achieved through elitist methods. (Author/DB)

Discusses the functions and structures of the French university system and places the May 1968 student revolt and subsequent reforms in historical perspective. Concludes that the desired transformation of the system has not taken place because many old educational practices have been revived even though old structures have been demolished.…

Describes the problems peculiar to West Germany in its transition to mass higher education and comments upon the current situation in the politics of higher education. Topics discussed include access to higher education, higher education and employment, the structure of higher education, teaching and curricula, and decision making in universities.…

Presents an historical survey of the creation and development of the Open University established in Great Britain in 1969. Concludes that the vitality and adaptability of the institution ensure it a bright future. (Author/DB)

This issue, consisting of a study of the expanding base of higher education in Norway, Denmark, and Sweden, discusses 1) recent educational developments; 2) the current expansion of higher education; 3) the transformation of certain post-secondary institutions; and 4) the establishment of district colleges and university branches. (Author/RM)

This background paper, prepared for the Council of Europe on the problem of equivalence in professional qualifications and academic studies among the European countries, contains eleven proposals to set up a system that would interpret information on equivalence. (JH)

This resolution of the Council of Europe states a principle of equivalence based on the comparability of final qualifications that give access to identical fields of activity rather than on detailed comparability in training requirements. (JH)

Educational research in Europe, defined and described on the basis of a sixteen-country survey, is now recognized as a part of educational policy; moreover, pure educational research is gaining an important place next to applied research. (JH)

Vocational education at the elementary, secondary, postsecondary, and continuing education levels in the Netherlands, receiving particular emphasis in response to needs expressed in educational policy making, is described in this article. (JH)

Suggests a typology of ethnic-education programs and examines the Swedish-speaking community in Finland as an example of an effort to control a separate educational program and maintain the separate ethnic identity of a declining cultural, economic, and social elite. (DB)

Stresses that educational politics can only be understood by researching social science and journalistic accounts in addition to official documents of educational policy, such as legal documents, legislative debates, and official pronouncements. Presents a case study of the University of Duisburg, West Germany, as an example of an institution of…

Reviews educational practice in elementary and secondary schools in Scotland with emphasis on the back to basics movement, national test scores, teacher attitudes, curriculum choice, and standards of performance. Concludes that future educational developments will include stress on external examinations and basic education. (DB)

Examines the plight of migrant workers who travel from developing to developed nations in search of jobs and a higher standard of living. Maintains that migrants, especially when they are a visible minority, are often victims of individual and institutional prejudice. Identifies Sweden as a country which has developed widespread government aid…

Reports on and criticizes talks given at the Bonn Forum "The Courage to Educate" (1978) discussing educational policy in West Germany. Maintains that the speakers polemicized and emphasized fundamentals while avoiding the difficulties of everyday practice. Recommends a consensus-oriented dialogue for resolving problems in education and upbringing.…

Lists the nine theses of the Bonn Forum "The Courage to Educate" (1978) together with opposing positions taken by an ad hoc group of educators and social scientists during the Tubingen Congress of the German Society for Educational Science. (CK)