Reports on a European teachers' seminar. Points out the difficulties of making generalizations about history instruction in European nations. Concludes that it is essential to emphasize societal aspects that bind people together and that national history should be taught in a European and global context. (CFR)

Reviews history education in Romania since the end of World War I. Focuses on the the 1970s when much emphasis was placed on a Marxist, nationalist-based approach to history. Reviews changes since 1990 and discusses difficulties in moving toward a more objective concept of historiography and pedogogy. (CFR)

Discusses the objectives of secondary school history instruction in Lithuania. Presents a comprehensive topic syllabus of world and Lithuanian history as currently taught in all Lithuanian schools. Includes selected titles from the 390 lessons allotted to the topics. (CFR)

Describes the "History with Civics" course taught in upper level secondary schools in Denmark. Discusses course content, student assessment, teacher qualifications, instructional materials, and teaching methods. Includes an appendix that presents a topical course syllabus. (CFR)

Maintains that Switzerland's national spirit lies in cultural and linguistic diversity. Proposes a "Ten Commandments of Multilingualism" for Swiss citizens who share this core principle of national identity. Concludes that Swiss should be happy and proud to have a nation based on cultural diversity. (CFR)

Compares historiography and its relationship to government in the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) before and after German reunification. Acknowledges bias in some West German views of history, and calls for dialog among historical researchers from all viewpoints. (CFR)

Maintains that higher education in the former East Germany is facing a new beginning highlighted by the restoration of academic freedom in teaching and research. Describes how the faculty of the Historical Institute at the University of Griefswald dealt with political censorship before German reunification. Concludes that administrative and…

Discusses problems facing European education as the world continues to become more interconnected through politics, communication, and economics. Stresses the need to maintain national values without regressing to nationalism. Examines teacher training, history instruction, and television as areas where divisions can be lessened. Warns against…

Examines nonuniversity higher education in Europe. Describes the development of the system as separate from the university system and present trends toward the integration of the two. Explores the systems of four countries as representational of a multipurpose model, specialist model, or a binary model. Discusses admission criteria, degrees, and…

Suggests that the constitution or structure of schools should be democratic to foster democracy. Discusses the value of parents' voices in decision making, but warns of the tendency toward bureaucracy. Argues that structural indexes must be formulated so that they can be transformed into instructional processes by a coupling of…

Discusses the changing nature of UNESCO's approach to attaining worldwide literacy. Argues that any initiative in formal education or adult literacy depends on political engagement at the highest level, mobilization of necessary financial and human resources, and genuine popular participation. Suggests finding a common language to improve the…

Reports on a longitudinal study about social development of approximately 250 German primary school students. Finds that student interaction with peers is the most significant social influence during this period. Describes differences in the ways that boys and girls view social interaction with their classmates. (CFR)

Reports on a study of teacher burnout among 160 Swiss secondary teachers. Finds that teacher-student relationships are the most frequently mentioned reason for burnout, followed by feelings of being trapped in school routine and personal difficulties. Discusses the impact of burnout episodes on a teacher's career. (CFR)

Asserts that the history of education has been an important part of teacher education in Poland since 1700s. Traces the development of educational history within Polish teacher education programs from that time period to the present. Presents the courses included in current Polish teacher education programs. (CFR)

Contends that there has been a movement in Europe away from the concept of didactic or teaching museums to include emotional and intellectual appeals to patrons. Concludes that long-term research is necessary to determine whether people who visit museums as students continue to do so as adults. (CFR)