This article reviews developments aimed at promoting ethnic and cultural pluralism which have taken place in Spain since the death of Franco in 1975. The focus of the report is on official policies and local practices. (JDH)

Begins by reviewing widely-perceived ills of France's lower secondary schools and noting the political nature of any decision to change. Outlines the official 1982 four-point program of reform designed to move toward genuine democratization of the schools. Notes obstacles to change, but provides guidelines for a number of practices deemed helpful…

Reports on changes taking place in British primary school curriculum component called variously: "craft design and technology (CDT)," or "design-related activities." Explains the philosophy behind the reform and relates various classroom experiences which typify current practice. (JDH)

Reviews the status of the humanities in Finland, beginning with the post World War II era. Comments on state-supported programs and the successes achieved in such areas as linguistics, philology, literature, and historical research. (JDH)

Noting that mass education is a product of the affluent society, this article details efforts in West Germany to maintain quality education in times of shrinking economic growth, decreasing entry-level enrollments, level-funding, and decreasing political priority. Provides facts and figures on population trends, educational funding, demographic…

Traces the trend toward increased local autonomy in Spanish education by placing this movement in historical context. Contends that public and social life in Spain may be disrupted by regional pressure for greater self-determination in education. Suggests that fundamental change will be best

Provides statistics on school failure and presents methods used to teach language and second language courses in Belgian primary schools. Included are the aims of language courses, the principles of instruction, and descriptions of specific instructional strategies employed. (JDH)

Presents a broad overview of instruction about Asia in European schools. Identifies problems that limit the amount and quality of instruction, including the limitations of teachers, unchanging course syllabi, and inadequate textbooks. Provides suggestions for improving instruction. (JDH)

Provides a brief review of the recent history of music education in Sweden. Details the reforms instituted in recent years focusing on the development of municipal music schools and related programs designed to provide free or low-cost instrumental music. (JDH)

Reports on the status of teacher education in Finland, discussing initial teacher training, in-service training, educational reforms, research, and resource problems. Includes statistics and a table displaying a hierarchy of decision making concerning teacher education in Finland. (AEM)

This article reviews reasons for official reform of teacher training in Luxembourg. Includes information about past laws, elaborates on aspects of teacher education that need further attention, and concludes with proposals for actions that meet these needs. (AEM)

Discusses educational technology, particularly computers, and the implications that new technology has for teachers and teaching in general. Recommends preservice and inservice teacher education, indicates risks associated with technology in education, and argues the necessity of research in educational technology. Concludes that technology must…

Reports briefly on the conclusions of work groups held during a 1980 educational conference which discussed the role of West Germany in international cultural relations. The following topics were discussed: foreign language education and teaching; cultural export and exchange; international cooperation between scientists; and international…

This article by the Council of Europe includes extracts from a letter sent to all universities in 1981 by the British University Grants Committee. The committee suggests ways to reshape arts, science, medicine, and part-time and continuing education within the financial constraints determined by the government. (AM)

Universities and nonuniversity research centers conduct research in Greece. It is difficult to determine the extent of this research. Financial support for research comes from the government and other sources. (AM)