Examines nonuniversity higher education in Europe. Describes the development of the system as separate from the university system and present trends toward the integration of the two. Explores the systems of four countries as representational of a multipurpose model, specialist model, or a binary model. Discusses admission criteria, degrees, and…

Assesses the "evaluative state"--the historic background, the process and procedures used to evaluate institutions of public higher education in European Union countries. Reviews various types of evaluation used, changes in the concept and purpose of evaluation, and looks at some of the basic and long-term issues for the future, from its operating…

The development of the Scottish higher education system over the past century is reviewed. Institutional and administrative structures, growth patterns, and problems that face higher education in Scotland are examined with specific reference to its relationship with higher education throughout the United Kingdom. (BH)

Analyzes higher education in Scotland in terms of its history and administrative structure and in light of the myths and beliefs about the traditional Scottish university. Differences from English universities are stressed. Journal available from Editor, Gabriel Fragniere, Institute of Education, 60 rue de la Concorde, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.…

The decade of 1975-85 is characterized as a time of consolidation and qualitative change in European higher education, including growth in managerial control, budgetary change, changes in patterns of academic power and institutional leadership, altered perceptions of the university in government policymaking, and increased questions about the…

European higher education policies that were first developed as an empirical, short-term response to financial difficulties at the start of the decade have now assumed a long-term strategic character that affects the relationships between government and higher education and between society and higher education. (MSE)

Three basic European educational systems are distinguished: state-financed and -controlled system; non-state system that does not rely solely on public financing or management; and private education, dependent on various systems of finance and/or indirect subsidy and controlled by proprietors. The history and problems of private education are…

Technological advancement, seen as the key to the economic status and fortune of the European nations, is at the heart of national debates over international industrial competition and the role of higher education in a wide variety of countries. (MSE)

A review of trends in European higher education policy leads to these conclusions: (1) government response to economic crises has been either to strengthen expenditure-driven policies or to continue demand-based policies; (2) central government oversight has been strengthened; and (3) commitment to linking education and industry has become clear.…

The primary changes in the teaching profession occurred in the mid-1970s as a result of pressures for student participation in decision making and closer government supervision of procedure and expenditure. Included were changes in the conditions of service and in the relationships between teaching and research and between faculty and…

The issues of academic freedom, institutional autonomy, government involvement in higher education, and students' part in the power structure are analyzed for several European countries. Recent influences, political and economic, are reviewed. (MSE)

Many of our models of the university espouse a monolithic concept of autonomy. The Kantian model, based on specific realms of state intervention and nonintervention, should be explored more thoroughly because it allows for intervention while maintaining some notion of autonomy. (Author/MSE)

A major change has occurred in both economic theory and its effects on government economic policy and higher education. The change is reflected in intellectual climate, extended government control, strategies to bring higher education in line with labor market needs, academic standards, graduate employment, faculty quality, research, and industry…

This article looks at vocationalism in higher education in terms of three stages of vocationalism in western Europe. It also examines the shifting legitimacy toward vocationalism, new forms of stratification in the academic profession, and vocationalism as a response to "massification" of higher education. (DB)

Case studies concerning the impact of the "traditional sector" of higher education and "nonformal" education upon regional development are presented. The interplay between education and regional developments, effects of education on aspects of cultural and social mobilization, and problems of control that result from regionalization of education…