Addresses conceptual problems that teachers face in addressing racial and multicultural issues. Identifies the problem of determining criteria to use for students and their own enterprises. Explores the roles of educational, social, and psychological values and the aims of multiculturalism. Examines the meanings of race and culture and the dangers…

Discusses educational contacts between East and West Germany during the Cold War. Describes East Germany's socialist educational system and how it triggered educational reform in West Germany. Explains how completely East German totalitarianism penetrated the nation's classrooms. Examines what educational freedom will mean for eastern Germany and…

Describes the European Community's efforts to unify Europe and enhance competitiveness in world markets by improving use of available intellectual potential. Discusses ERASMUS, the European Community Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students. Explains the role of Inter-University Cooperation Programs (ICPs), a course credit transfer…

Describes European Community attempts to foster awareness of cultural unity. Explains that efforts include curricula and classroom instruction, educational materials, teacher training, and international contacts between teachers and students. Lists three objectives: (1) determining how the educational system contributes to the creation of the…

Discusses the European Community's languages program, LINGUA. Describes hopes of dismantling foreign language barriers and facilitating the free movement of persons and ideas and the growth of firms and trade. Notes that the program includes continuing education of language teachers, student exchange, innovation in teaching methods, and…

Discusses effects of integration of the European Community and internal market on qualifications for occupational activity. Describes German objections to the community's attempts to set educational policy. Urges common community definitions of professions and recognition of vocational qualifications to facilitate freedom of movement of the work…

Describes Greek participation in European Community programs for education. Discusses Greek programs for the education of migrant workers' children, student and teacher mobility grants, visas, and financial support. Examines Greek involvement in the Community Action Program for Education and Training for Technology (COMETT). Finds that Greek…

Discusses the problems of intercultural education in the European Community. Specifies that, for education not to discriminate, both majority and minorities must experience common learning processes and have opportunities to acquire relatively unbiased information about each other. Examines educational policy, school structure, and language…

Contends that the growth of secondary education for females in Germany brought conflict between the girls' school teachers and female teachers who were involved in the women's rights movement. Discusses the vocational educational goals of the earlier schools and the liberal arts-professional goals of the newer upper secondary schools. (CFR)

Contends that efforts to achieve sexual equality among boys and girls in Austria have not succeeded. Argues that girls have to adapt to male value patterns and standards. Recommends that teachers and parents work together to eliminate sexual bias, encourage boys and girls to work in cooperative groups, and provide girls with more opportunities for…

Reviews international studies that show that girls have a poorer command of physical concepts than boys. Examines factors that might explain this phenomenon and discusses whether or not boys have different learning styles than girls. Recommends that science course content must be structured to fit girls' skills and interests. (CFR)

Reports on a European teachers' seminar. Points out the difficulties of making generalizations about history instruction in European nations. Concludes that it is essential to emphasize societal aspects that bind people together and that national history should be taught in a European and global context. (CFR)

Discusses the objectives of secondary school history instruction in Lithuania. Presents a comprehensive topic syllabus of world and Lithuanian history as currently taught in all Lithuanian schools. Includes selected titles from the 390 lessons allotted to the topics. (CFR)

Describes the "History with Civics" course taught in upper level secondary schools in Denmark. Discusses course content, student assessment, teacher qualifications, instructional materials, and teaching methods. Includes an appendix that presents a topical course syllabus. (CFR)

Maintains that higher education in the former East Germany is facing a new beginning highlighted by the restoration of academic freedom in teaching and research. Describes how the faculty of the Historical Institute at the University of Griefswald dealt with political censorship before German reunification. Concludes that administrative and…