Two procedures for Rasch, sample-free item calibration are reviewed and compared for accuracy. The theoretically ideal "conditional" procedure is impractical for more than fifteen items. The more practical but biased "unconditional" procedure is discussed in detail. (Author/JKS)

Order analysis is discussed as a method for description of formal structures in multidimensional space. Its algorithm was derived using a combination of psychometric theory, formal logic theory, information theory, and graph theory concepts. The model provides for adjustment of its sensitivity to random variation. (Author/JKS)

Data generated by the pair-comparison method can be analyzed by least squares. A system of normal equations is derived by which the original objects are scaled. One advantage of this method is that it is not necessary to compare all object pairs. Examples are provided. (Author/JKS)

Urry's procedure for approximating latent trait test models is shown to tend to underestimate item discriminatory power and overestimate item difficulty. A method for correcting these biases is provided, and implications of the procedures are discussed. (Author/JKS)

A rederivation of Lord's formula for estimating variance in multiple matrix sampling is presented as well as the ways Cronbach's coefficient alpha and the Spearman-Brown prophecy formula are related in this context. (Author/JKS)

College students viewed taped lectures which were systematically varied by lecturers's enthusiasm and amount of information presented. They then rated the lectures with a standard faculty evaluation form. Discriminant analysis was performed in order to derive optimal scoring methods for the form. (Author/JKS)

Four measures of college student drug use are investigated: frequency of cannabis use, time as a user, range of polydrug experimentation and self-reported adverse consequences of use. Implications for measurement development and for a multidimensional concept of drug use are discussed. (Author/JKS)

A scoring technique for true-false tests is presented. The technique, paired item scoring, involves combining two statements and having the student select one of the four resultants possible: true-true, false-true, true-false, and false-false. The combined item is treated as a multiple choice item. (Author/JKS)

The interaction of subjects with test items is investigated. It is suggested that psychometricians rely too heavily on inferences about the nature of the interaction. An approach to data analysis is proposed which is more directly related to this interaction. (JKS)

The usual formulas for the reliability of differences between two test scores are based on the assumption that the error scores are uncorrelated. Formulas are presented for the general case where this assumption is unnecessary. (Author/JKS)

The importance of the assumption of normality for testing that a bivariate normal correlation equals zero is examined. Both empirical and theoretical evidence suggest that such tests are robust with respect to violation of the normality assumption. (Author/JKS)

An alternate procedure is presented for testing the trial-by-subject interaction in the Shine Combined analysis of variance test. This new procedure is designed to get around the independence and distributional problems of the orginal F test. (Author)

The effects of the violation of the assumption of homogeneity of regression on the Type I error rate and on the power of analysis of covariance are investigated. The results indicate that analysis of covariance is robust when sample sizes are equal. (Author/JKS)

The influence of conditions of the measurement situation upon resultant ratings in personality assessment were examined. The results support the contention that the testing situation and the experimenter's instructions influence measurement. (JKS)

The verbal analogy item as a measure of intelligence is investigated. Using latent partition analysis, this study attempts to identify a semantic structure of relationships that individuals use to comprehend completed analogies. The implications for test construction and test validity are discussed. (Author/JKS)