The purpose of this study was (a) to develop an instructional design model for preservice teachers' learning of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) in multidisciplinary technology integration courses and (b) to apply the model to investigate its effects when used in a preservice teacher education setting. The model was applied…

This article reports on evaluation studies of the Virtual Tutee System (VTS) designed to enhance students' engagement in academic reading. The VTS is a web-based peer-tutoring environment in which students teach a virtual tutee about the content in course readings that students have been assigned to learn. With the VTS, students interact with…

We designed support for volitional control with four stages for "goal initiation" ("Want it"), "goal formation" ("Plan for it"), "action control" ("Do it"), and "emotion control" ("Finish it") based on theories and models of volition. We implemented the support in…

In this paper, guidelines for designing virtual change agents (VCAs) are proposed to support students' affective and motivational needs in order to promote personalized learning in online remedial mathematics courses. Automated, dynamic, and personalized support is emphasized in the guidelines through maximizing "interactions" between VCAs and…

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of motivational and volitional email messages (MVEM) on preservice teachers' motivation, volition, performance, and their attitudes toward technology integration. Each of four sections in an educational technology course for preservice teachers was randomly assigned to one of two groups: one…